Phau ntawv qhia no piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas ASME Tshooj IX tsim nyog raj- rau-tubesheet vuam, uas cov cai tsim kho yuav tsum tsim nyog, thiab cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas cov neeg soj ntsuam thiab cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tswj kom tsis txhob raug nqi rov ua dua.
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Tube-rau-tubesheet welds xav tau kev tsim nyog raws li ASME Tshooj IX siv ib qho kev ua qauv qhia (QW-193) lossis qhov zawj / fillet weld xeem ib QW-202, vim tias qhov sib koom ua ke txwv tsis pub nkag mus, cov phab ntsa nyias nyias, thiab kev cia siab rau kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Mini MLP hom zoo tib yam groove welds. ASME Section VIII Division 2 ua rau QW-193 mockup yuav tsum tau (ib para. 6.3.4); Division 1 tawm nws xaiv tau. Feem ntau qhov tsis xws luag yog tsis muaj fusion ntawm lub raj - mus rau -tubesheet interface, raj - phab ntsa hlawv- los ntawm, tsis tiav kev nkag mus rau qhov xav tau MLP, porosity, thiab tshav kub-cuam tshuam-zone cracking - tag nrho cov uas tau soj ntsuam nrog kev kuaj pom, kev ntsuam xyuas cov kua dej thiab cov kua dej nkag. |
Vim li cas Tube-rau-Tubesheet Vuam Yuav Tsum Muaj Cai Sib Cais Los Ntawm Groove Welds?
Tube-rau-tubesheet pob qij txha yuav tsum muaj kev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb vim tias lawv cov duab geometry, nkag mus, thiab hom tsis ua haujlwm sib txawv los ntawm tus qauv zawj vuam, thiab cov welder lossis txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm daim coupon tiaj tiaj tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj muaj peev xwm ua suab nrov, xau- nruj sib koom ua ke.
Daim coupon groove weld test daim coupon yog welded nyob rau hauv qhib, unobstructed tej yam kev mob nrog tag nrho cov nkag mus rau ob sab ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Lub raj-rau-tubesheet sib koom ua ke yog welded nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj nreem kaw annular qhov chaw ntawm lub raj phab ntsa thiab lub drilled tubesheet qhov, feem ntau nrog ib tug nyob ib sab raj qhov tsuas millimeters deb, thiab muaj kev nkag tau los ntawm ib sab xwb. Lub raj phab ntsa nws tus kheej yog nyias - feem ntau nyob rau hauv 3 hli - ua rau nws raug mob heev rau hlawv -, thaum lub tubesheet yog ib tug tuab block uas ua raws li ib tug loj tshav kub dab dej, tsim uneven heat faib thoob plaws hauv lub sib koom tes.
Cov xwm txheej no tsim cov qauv tsis xws luag - hlawv-los ntawm, tsis muaj fusion ntawm cov hauv paus hauv paus, thiab qhov tsis txaus qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Leak Path - uas tsuas tsis tshwm sim hauv qhov qhib qhov vuam, uas yog vim li cas ASME Tshooj IX kho cov raj {{3} rau -tubesheet vuam raws li nws cov txheej txheem folding.
Dab tsi yog Ob Txoj Kev Tsim Nyog Hauv ASME Tshooj IX?
ASME Tshooj IX muaj ob txoj hauv kev kom tsim nyog rau raj - mus rau - tubesheet vuam txheej txheem thiab vuam: ib qho kev ua qauv qhia raws li QW-193, los yog ib qho kev sib tw los yog fillet weld test nyob rau hauv QW-202, nrog rau kev tsim kho txoj cai txiav txim seb txoj kev twg yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev sib piv txoj kev tsim nyog
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Txoj kev |
Yuav tsum muaj dab tsi |
Thaum Nws Siv |
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Demonstration mockup - QW-193 |
Tag nrho - nplai mockup duplicating qhov tseeb raj qhov configuration thiab sib koom tsim; welded, tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev pom, kua nkag mus, thiab macro-txoj kev etch. |
Yuav tsum tau ua raws li ASME Tshooj VIII Division 2 (para. 6.3.4); xaiv tau nyob rau hauv Division 1. |
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Groove weld - QW-202.2 / QW-202.4 |
Standard groove weld test daim coupon ib ntu IX; tsim nyog rau lub vuam lossis WPS rau lub raj-rau-tubesheet ua haujlwm thaum txoj cai ntawm kev tsim kho tsis raug cai QW-193. |
Default xaiv nyob rau hauv Tshooj VIII Division 1 thaum QW-193 tsis invoked los ntawm tus neeg siv los yog code. |
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Fillet weld - QW-202.2(c) |
Standard fillet weld test daim coupon; txwv tsis pub -siab- tuav lub raj- rau -tubesheet welds nkaus xwb. |
Ntxiv rau Tshooj IX hauv 2021 tsab; tsuas yog siv rau kev sib khi welds thiab zoo sib xws uas tsis yog - cov pob qij txha muaj zog. |
Per ASME Section IX QW-202.6 and Section VIII Division 1 UW-28(b)/UW-29 (2021 edition); Division 2 para. 6.3.4. Cov hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tau muab rau hauv QW-288; welder thiab vuam-tus neeg ua haujlwm kev ua haujlwm-kev tsim nyog qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv tau muab rau hauv QW-387 thiab QW-388. Ib txwm lees paub qhov yuav tsum tau ua tam sim no thiab cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb overrides ua ntej xaiv txoj kev tsim nyog.
Ob qhov tseem ceeb - cov lus sib txawv siv tau ua ke nrog lub hauv paus vuam- cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, ib lub raj GTAW-rau-tubesheet txheej txheem yuav tsum txaus siab rau ob qho tib si tus qauv GTAW qhov sib txawv hauv Table QW-256 thiab lub raj- rau-tubesheet-specific variables nyob rau hauv Table QW-288.1, uas npog cov khoom, lub raj hollow sab nraud thickness.
Yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg Mockup Welds, thiab Lawv Yuav Tsum Ua Dab Tsi?
Thaum siv QW-193 mockup txoj kev, yam tsawg kawg ntawm tsib welds yuav tsum tau tsim thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev kuaj pom, cov kua nkag mus, thiab macro- kev tshuaj xyuas ntu - ib qho ua tsis tiav weld invalidates tag nrho cov mockup thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav re-weld, tsis yog ib qho chaw kho.
Kev kuaj pom pom (QW-193.1.1): ua tsis tau qhov loj me, kuaj xyuas kom tiav fusion, hlawv-dhau, porosity, thiab tawg.
Kev tshuaj xyuas kua dej (QW-193.1.2): ua raws li ASME Tshooj V, Tshooj 6, los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw tsis pom qhov muag.
Macro-kev tshuaj xyuas ntu (QW-193.1.3): qhov kev ntsuas tau muab faib los ntawm nws txoj kab uas hla kom nthuav tawm plaub qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas ntawm 10x txog 20x magnification los xyuas kom meej fusion tiav, tsis muaj kev tawg, thiab - thuam - tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Leak Path ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev sib dhos mockup nws tus kheej yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb duplicate lub raj qhov kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib koom tsim tsim uas yuav siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom, nyob rau hauv qhov txwv ntawm QW-288 qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv - lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kab uas hla, tubesheet thickness, thiab sib koom geometry txhua tus yuav tsum yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag tsim, tsis yog ib qho kev sim yooj yim xwb.
Tshooj VIII Division 1 vs. Division 2: Thaum twg QW-193 Yuav Tsum Tau?
ASME Tshooj VIII Division 2 ua rau QW-193 mockup yuav tsum tau ua rau tube-rau-tubesheet vuam txheej txheem tsim nyog, thaum Tshooj VIII Division 1 tawm nws raws li cov neeg tsim khoom xaiv, thiab qhov sib txawv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tsis to taub cov ntsiab lus hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
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Kev tsim kho Code |
QW-193 Mockup Requirement |
Kev Siv Tau |
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Section VIII, Division 1 |
Optional (UW-28(b), 2021 ed.) - chaw tsim tshuaj paus tej zaum yuav xaiv QW-193, zawj weld (QW-202.2/202.4), los yog fillet weld (QW-202.2(c)) txoj kev. |
Feem ntau Division 1 exchangers tsim nyog raj - mus rau -tubesheet vuam los ntawm cov qauv groove weld xeem, tsis txhob mockup nqi thiab sij hawm cuam tshuam. |
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Tshooj VIII, Division 2 |
Yuav tsum tau (para. 6.3.4) - QW-193 mockup kev tsim nyog yuav tsum tau; groove weld kev tsim nyog ib leeg tsis txais. |
Fabricators yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj txiag mockup cov ntaub ntawv, welding lub sij hawm, thiab peb -theem NDE rau hauv lub project lub sij hawm txij thaum pib. |
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Tshooj I (lub hwj chim boilers) |
Tswj los ntawm PFT-12 kev sib koom ua ke; Txoj kev tsim nyog yuav tsum tau lees paub tawm tsam qhov tshwj xeeb sib koom ua ke nthuav dav xaiv. |
Ib nrab -kev nkag mus rau lub raj txuas welds ib PFT-12 nqa lawv tus kheej qhov tob- ntawm cov txheej txheem fusion txawv ntawm Tshooj VIII kev coj ua. |
Raws li ASME Tshooj VIII Division 1 UW-28/UW-29 (2021 tsab nyob rau hauv), Tshooj VIII Division 2 para. 6.3.4, thiab Tshooj I PFT-12. Cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb feem ntau siv QW-193 txawm tias lub hauv paus code tsis xav tau nws - nco ntsoov xyuas qhov kev txiav txim yuav thiab qhov project vuam specification ua ntej ua tiav txoj kev npaj tsim nyog.
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws hauv Tube - rau -Tubesheet Welds?
Qhov tsis xws luag uas feem ntau cuam tshuam lub raj - rau - cov pob qij txha yog tsis muaj fusion ntawm lub raj - mus rau - tubesheet interface, raj - phab ntsa hlawv - los ntawm, tsis txaus Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Leak Path, porosity, thiab cua sov -} sib koom ua ke yog vim li cas { welded ib tus zuj zus los ntawm tes los yog nrog lub taub hau orbital, tus nqi tsis xws luag yuav nce nrog qaug zog, sib koom ua ke tsis sib haum - nce, thiab tsis txaus npaj nto thoob plaws lub raj loj suav.
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Tsis zoo |
Yam Ua rau |
Txoj kev kuaj xyuas |
Vim Yog Tsis Tau |
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Tsis muaj fusion |
Cov kab mob los yog oxidized raj / qhov nto; tsis txaus cua sov input; tsis zoo sib koom ua ke -up |
Macro-section (mockup); Ua kua nkag thiab helium leak test (ntau lawm) |
Pas dej hla kev sib koom ua ke; hla -kev kis kab mob ntawm lub plhaub/tube kua |
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Tube- phab ntsa hlawv- dhau |
Tshaj tawm cua sov ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias nyias; inconsistent mus ncig ceev ntawm orbital welds |
Kev kuaj pom; radiography hauv cov xwm txheej xaiv |
Tam sim ntawd los ntawm- phab ntsa ntub dej; localized tube wastage |
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Tsis txaus qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Leak Path (MLP) |
Hauv qab - qhov loj me weld qhov tob txheeb ze rau kev suav tsim; kev sib koom tsim tsis phim rau kev tsim khoom |
Macro-section xeem ntawm 10x–20x magnification |
Kev sib koom ua ke tsis ua tau raws li kev suav lub zog / tawm los- nruj ntawm kev tsim |
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Porosity |
Trapped noo noo, roj, los yog kos duab compound; tsis txaus shielding gas kev pab |
Visual thiab kua penetrant kuaj |
Txo qhov ua tau zoo weld cross-section; muaj peev xwm leak pib qhov chaw |
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HAZ cracking |
Restraint los ntawm tuab tubesheet tshav kub dab dej; susceptible puag los yog muab tub lim hlau chemistry |
Kev kuaj kua dej nkag; macro-section; nkoj sampling ntawm cov pob qij txha |
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob, feem ntau tom qab rov ua dua thermal cycling hauv kev pabcuam |
Cov qauv kev ua tsis tiav thiab cov txheej txheem tshawb pom tau ua raws li ASME Tshooj IX QW-193.1 cov kev xav tau thiab kev lag luam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plhaub-thiab-tube kub exchanger fabrication thiab kho.
Kev paub dhau los ntawm kev rov ua kom zoo dua qub, kev ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab cov txheej txheem cua txias qhia tau hais tias cov raj rov ua dua tshiab - mus rau -tubesheet xau feem ntau rov qab mus rau qhov tsis muaj kev nkag mus thiab tsis muaj fusion qhia thaum thawj fabrication - qhov tsis xws luag uas nyuaj rau kev tshawb pom nrog ntau lawm NDE ib leeg thiab qhov zoo li yuav qhia lawv tus kheej tsuas yog tom qab rov qab thermal cycling hauv paus ua rau tawg.
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus Leak Path (MLP) tau txheeb xyuas li cas, thiab Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb?
Yam tsawg kawg Leak Txoj Kev yog qhov luv tshaj plaws, nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia, los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub raj - mus rau -tubesheet weld mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws dawb nto, thiab nws tseem ceeb heev vim hais tias nws yog qhov loj me uas tswj xyuas seb puas muaj zog -welded sib koom ua tau muaj siab thiab tiv thaiv tus ntoo khaub lig- kis kab mob - ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tsis tau pom zoo thaum tseem muaj peev xwm kuaj xyuas MLP hauv paus.
MLP raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev faib cov kev tsim nyog mockup los ntawm nws txoj kab uas hla, nthuav tawm cov hlaws hla -, thiab ntsuas txoj kev fused ntawm 10x txog 20x magnification tiv thaiv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov qauv tsim.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm MLP tus nqi yog capped ntawm lub raj phab ntsa thickness, tsis hais qhov ntau npaum li cas cov hlau txuas ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov ntev.
Kev khawb qhov ntev ntawm lub raj sab nraud lossis lub raj raj lub qhov bore raug kho raws li qhov muaj kev pheej hmoo siab thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas kev ntsuas, vim tias qhov khawb khiav mus rau qhov sib npaug tuaj yeem tsim txoj kev xau uas hla ntawm thaj chaw weld fusion nkaus.
Vim tias MLP tuaj yeem lees paub tsuas yog ua kom puas tsuaj - los ntawm kev txiav qhib tus neeg sawv cev mockup - nws tau raug txheeb xyuas thaum lub sijhawm tsim nyog es tsis yog ntawm txhua qhov kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb vim li cas kev qhuab ntuas, kev tswj cov txheej txheem rov ua dua thaum lub sijhawm vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb: ib zaug WPS tau txais kev pom zoo nrog MLP, kev tsim cov welds yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tib yam tseem ceeb - lub hnab ntawv hloov pauv kom siv tau.
Txoj Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Dab Tsi Catch Tube - mus rau -Tubesheet Defects Ua ntej pib?
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas txheej txheem - kev kuaj pom, kuaj cov kua nkag mus, thiab kuaj helium leaks - catches feem ntau ntawm cov raj - mus rau -tubesheet tsis xws luag ua ntej lub tshav kub exchanger bundle raug kaw thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam, nrog helium leak testing muab lub siab tshaj plaws rhiab heev rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem no los ntawm {4.
Kev kuaj pom pom tau ua tiav ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim khoom vuam ua thawj zaug - dhau qhov screen rau kev hlawv - dhau, tsis tiav fusion, thiab porosity saum npoo.
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov kua dej nkag mus, ua raws li ASME Tshooj V Tshooj 6, kuaj pom saum npoo - tawg cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov porosity tsis pom ntawm qhov muag tsis pom, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv paus thiab qhov kawg dhau.
Helium leak testing pressurizes lub exchanger nrog 5-10 psi ntawm helium thiab siv ib tug loj spectrometer los soj ntsuam cov pa xau tsawg tshaj li ib tug hydrostatic test yuav daws tau, vim hais tias cov helium atom yog me me kom dhau los ntawm discontinuities uas yuav tsis dhau dej. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no ib txwm ua tom qab tag nrho cov raj - xaus vuam tab sis ua ntej lub raj nthuav dav, yog li ntawd tsuas yog qhov vuam - tsis yog cov tshuab nthuav dav - raug tshuaj xyuas.
Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam txhua hom kev puas tsuaj: kev kuaj pom thiab ua kua nkag tau zoo rau saum npoo -kev sib txuas tsis sib xws, tab sis subsurface tsis muaj fusion lossis MLP tsis zoo tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm kev puas tsuaj macro -sectioning thaum tsim nyog. Qhov no yog vim li cas qhov kev xeem tsim nyog thiab kev tsim NDE yog qhov sib ntxiv ntau dua li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - kev tsim nyog ua pov thawj tias cov txheej txheem muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub suab sib koom ua ke, thiab cov khoom siv NDE tau lees paub tias muaj peev xwm tau ua tiav tas li thoob plaws lub raj suav.
Vim li cas Kev Tsim Nyog Rigor tseem ceeb dua rau Tube - mus rau -Tubesheet Joints dua rau Ordinary Piping Welds?
Tube-rau-tubesheet kev tsim nyog nruj tseem ceeb dua li cov kav dej zoo tib yam vim tias ib qho kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim tom qab kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem xav tau rov ua dua -tube tag nrho cov pob, thiab vim tias txhua qhov sib pauv tuaj yeem muaj ntau pua mus rau txhiab tus tib neeg cov pob qij txha welded nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev - lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsim tawm {PS} weld, nws tsim ntau.
Ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov kav dej weld yog feem ntau yog kev kho cais. Ib lub raj-rau-tubesheet defect hom uas tau tsav los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis zoo lossis cov txheej txheem tsis tsim nyog, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, yog qhov systemic: yog tias kev sib koom ua ke, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lossis cov kauj ruam npaj saum npoo uas ua rau ib qho tsis ua haujlwm tau siv tas mus li thoob plaws lub nras, txhua qhov sib koom ua ke welded nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej yog xav tias.
Kev nqis peev hauv WPS uas tsim nyog, tsim nyog tau txais kev cob qhia thiab kuaj cov welders, thiab kev soj ntsuam xyuas ntau lawm yog qhov qis dua - tus nqi txoj kev los ntawm qhov dav dav piv rau kev tshawb pom - tom qab pib, los yog phem dua, tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm thermal cycling nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam - ib feem loj ntawm ib lub raj ntim yuav tsum tau hloov.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Puas yog ASME Tshooj VIII Division 1 xav tau QW-193 mockup kev tsim nyog rau raj-rau-tubesheet welds?
A: No. Division 1 tawm QW-193 raws li cov chaw tsim khoom xaiv; ib qho kev sib tw weld ib QW-202.2 thiab QW-202.4 yog ib qho kev lees paub tshwj tsis yog tus neeg siv khoom qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb xav tau txoj hauv kev mockup.
Q: Muaj pes tsawg lub raj yuav tsum tau welded thiab sim kom tsim nyog rau lub raj - mus rau -tubesheet txheej txheem los ntawm mockup?
A: Yam tsawg kawg ntawm tsib mockup welds yuav tsum tau tsim thiab tag nrho tsib yuav tsum dhau qhov pom, kua nkag, thiab macro-section xeem ib QW-193.2. Ib qho kev ua tsis tiav ua rau tag nrho cov mockup, yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav re-weld.
Q: Yam tsawg kawg Leak Path yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li capped ntawm lub raj phab ntsa thickness?
A: Yam tsawg kawg nkaus Leak Path yog qhov luv tshaj plaws fused nrug ntawm lub hauv paus weld mus rau qhov chaw dawb tshaj plaws. Nws yog capped ntawm lub raj phab ntsa thickness vim hais tias yog lub cev txwv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke qhov xau- nruj cross-section, tsis hais ntau npaum li cas cov hlau txuas ntxiv.
Q: Puas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau ntawm qhov zawj weld daim coupon weld raj - mus rau -tubesheet pob qij txha hauv qab WPS tsim nyog los ntawm QW-193 mockup?
A: Yog lawm, thaum siv txoj cai siv tsis tau nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau QW-193 rau kev ua tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem kev tsim nyog thiab kev tsim nyog tau txais kev ua tau zoo raug kho raws li kev sib koom ua ke raws li ASME Tshooj IX.
Q: Vim li cas helium leak test nyiam dua kev sim hydrostatic rau raj -rau -tubesheet welds?
A: Helium qhov me me atomic tso cai rau nws dhau los ntawm kev tsis sib xws uas qhov kev sim hydrostatic (dej) yuav tsis pom, muab helium los kuaj xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv los yog ib feem fused raj - mus rau -tubesheet pob qij txha ua ntej pib.
