Shipping Insurance rau Stainless Hlau Cargo: Dab Tsi Marine Txoj Cai Ua Tau Zoo

Vim li cas lo lus nug no tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj ntawm stainless thiab nickel alloy

Ib lub thawv ntawm316L welded yeeb nkablos yog ib lub crate ntawm Inconel 625 forgings tuaj yeem sawv cev rau rau lossis xya tus nqi ntawm tus nqi, thiab nws feem ntau hla tsawg kawg yog ib qho dej hiav txwv, ib cheeb tsam kub, thiab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ua ntej nws mus txog rau lub tsev tsim khoom. Cov pab pawg muag khoom feem ntau kho "cov khoom xa tuaj yog pov hwm" raws li qhov tseeb binary. Hauv kev xyaum, kev pab them nqi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum Cargo Clause tier siv, uas Incoterm tau muab lub luag haujlwm pov hwm, yuav ua li cas cov khoom thauj tau ntim, thiab kev puas tsuaj sai npaum li cas tau sau tseg tom qab tso tawm.

Phau ntawv qhia no taug kev los ntawm txoj cai thauj khoom hauv hiav txwv uas tau cog lus tias yuav them rau - thiab qhov twg stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy cov khoom thauj mus rau hauv kev txwv tsis pub sau ntau xyoo dhau los rau cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam thiab cov khoom siv dav dav.

Puas Marine Cargo Insurance cia li npog Corrosion puas rau stainless hlau?

Tsis yog. Yuav luag txhua cov lus hauv marine cargo muaj tus qauv "xeb, oxidation, thiab discoloration" tsis suav nrog, thiab cov neeg tuav pov hwm siv cov pa roj carbon - steel - era clause rau stainless thiab nickel alloy cargo txawm tias lub hauv paus corrosion mechanism yog metallurgically txawv.

Cov txheej txheem thauj khoom tsis suav nrog xeb, oxidation, thiab lwm yam khoom siv vim tias, rau cov hlau zoo tib yam thiab cov hlau tsis zoo, qhov xeb xeb yog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Siv cov lus hais rau austenitic stainless qib xws li 304 thiab 316, lossis rau cov nickel alloys xws li Inconel 625 thiabHastelloy C276, qhov kev cais tawm no feem ntau overbroad. Qhov tseeb stainless hlau corrosion hauv kev thauj mus los tsis tshua muaj xeb xeb; nws feem ntau tshwm li cov tshuaj chloride hauv zos-induced pitting los yog crevice corrosion nyob rau hauv ntub dunnage, los yog lub teeb tan "tea staining" qhov chaw marine - cua condensation zaum ntawm passivated chromium oxide txheej. Ob leeg yog cov tshuaj chloride-tsav, hom tsis ua haujlwm hauv ib cheeb tsam - tsis yog cov oxidation dav dav uas tsis suav nrog cov ntawv sau los piav qhia.

Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm thov. Tus tswv ntawm cov khoom thauj uas tuaj yeem sau cov txheej txheem tiag tiag - seawater ingress, chloride paug los ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim tshwj xeeb, los yog condensation pooling nyob rau hauv strapping - muaj ib tug materially zog txoj hauj lwm tshaj ib tug uas lees txais tus adjuster thawj kev faib tawm ntawm "xeb, tsis suav nrog." Lub tswv yim metallurgical, tshuaj chloride-residue test, thiab siv rau cov xwm txheej passivation tau teev tseg hauv ASTM A967 lossis kev ua kom huv hauv ASTM A380 tuaj yeem thim rov qab qhov kev tsis lees paub los ntawm qhov tsis zoo rau hauv kev pov hwm kev nyab xeeb xws li dej hiav txwv nkag los yog ua txhaum lub thawv.

Qhov txawv ntawm lub koom haum Cargo Clauses (A), (B), thiab (C) - thiab Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Tau?

Rau stainless thiab npib tsib xee alloy yeeb nkab, fittings, flanges, thiab forgings, lub koom haum Cargo Clauses (A) - "tag nrho cov txaus ntshai" tier - tsuas yog ib qho ntawm peb tus qauv tiers uas ntseeg tau tias phim cov khoom thauj tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo; (B) thiab (C) tawm qhov khoob uas tseem ceeb rau siab - tus nqi xa khoom alloy.

Lub koom haum Cargo Clauses (ICC), tswj kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm Lloyd's Market Association thiab International Underwriting Association of London, yog cov txheej txheem cov lus suav nrog los ntawm kev siv rau hauv feem ntau marine cargo txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lawv 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2009 tsab. Tag nrho peb theem sib koom ua ke cov ntsiab lus tsis suav nrog - qhov tsis zoo, kev hnav zoo tib yam thiab tsim kua muag, ntim khoom tsis txaus, thiab txhob txwm ua kom puas tsuaj los ntawm cov ntawv pov hwm - tab sis txawv qhov teeb meem ntawm lub cev uas lawv tau lees paub tiv thaiv.

Source: Lub koom haum Cargo Clauses (A), (B), thiab (C), 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2009, Lloyd's Market Association / International Underwriting Association (LMA/IUA).

Leej Twg Ua Raws Li Txoj Cai rau Kev Pov Hwm Stainless Hlau Cargo - Tus neeg yuav khoom lossis tus muag khoom?

Nws nyob ntawm tag nrho ntawm Incoterm hauv daim ntawv cog lus muag. Tsuas yog ob txoj cai Incoterms ® - CIF thiab CIP - muab cov ntawv pov hwm lub luag haujlwm rau tus muag khoom, thiab lawv qhov yuav tsum tau them tsawg kawg yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg.

Raws li CIF (Tus Nqi, Kev Pov Hwm thiab Kev Xa Khoom), tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum yuav daim ntawv pov hwm marine tsawg kawg yog 110% ntawm tus nqi them nqi, tab sis cov cai Incoterms 2020 tau teeb tsa hauv pem teb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Cargo Clauses (C) - qhov nqaim tshaj plaws - tshwj tsis yog tias daim ntawv cog lus muag tshwj xeeb xav tau ntau dua. Raws li CIP (Carriage and Insurance Them To), Incoterms 2020 tau tsa qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau ICC (A), tag nrho - theem kev pheej hmoo, kaw qhov sib txawv uas cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm CIP cov lus tau ntsib yav dhau los. Nyob rau hauv txhua lwm yam Incoterm - EXW, FCA, FOB, CFR, DAP, DPU, DDP - tog muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm txhua theem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev npaj nws tus kheej cargo insurance yog tias nws xav tau ib yam; cov Incoterms txoj cai lawv tus kheej tsis yuam nws.

Source: Incoterms® 2020, International Chamber of Commerce; Lub koom haum Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA), 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2009.

Dab tsi "Inherent Vice" txhais li cas rau Stainless thiab Nickel Alloy Cargo - thiab Koj Yuav Ua Li Cas Los Ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv?

Inherent vice - kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom thauj nws tus kheej ntau dua li qhov tshwm sim sab nraud - raug tshem tawm txawm tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho - kev pheej hmoo (ICC A) npog, tab sis kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog rau stainless thiab npib tsib xee alloys dua li cov organic lossis ferrous cargo, vim tias cov alloys no tsis yog inherently hygroscopic tobulk.

English cargo case law rov ua dua rau qhov sib txawv no. Hygroscopic cargo - nplej, kas fes, tawv, hnab looj tes xa tuaj rau lub caij monsoon - nqa nws tus kheej cov dej noo, thiab cov tsev hais plaub feem ntau tau kho qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwj tsis yog tus neeg nqa khoom ua tsis tau raws li qhov tsim nyog ceev faj xws li qhov cua los yog hauv ob sab phlu uas yuav tiv thaiv tsis tau.

Stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy khoomtsis txhob nqa cov av noo hauv txoj kev thauj khoom organic; ib co coil, yeeb nkab, los yog forging yuav tsis mus "hws" los ntawm sab hauv. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias tus neeg tuav pov hwm sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov khoom xa khoom xa tuaj yuav tsum qhia tias cov txheej txheem chromium oxide tsis ua haujlwm yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau metallurgical tseeb es tsis yog cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj chloride tshwj xeeb, ntim tsis ua hauj lwm, lossis nyob hauv- teeb meem lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb voyage - ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm.

Rau cov tswv cov khoom thauj, qhov no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib tw rau qhov tsis lees paub qhov tsis lees paub es tsis lees txais nws. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ntim khoom ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab qhov chaw, qhov ntsuas kub thiab av noo nyob qhov twg muaj, thiab cov tshuaj chloride- residue lossis metallurgical kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov cuam tshuam yog cov cuab yeej siv tau los hloov qhov kev thov los ntawm "inherent vice, excluded" to "external peril, covered."

Puas yog Kev Pabcuam suav nrog Cov Thawv hws thiab Condensation puas rau Coils, Ntawv, thiab Bar?

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ICC (A) lossis (B), thiab tsuas yog thaum tus tswv cov khoom thauj tuaj yeem pom cov condensation tshwm sim los ntawm kev pov hwm sab nraud - ib txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev hloov chaw kub, lub thawv ua txhaum cai, lossis qhov cua tsis txaus - es tsis txhob ya raws cov khoom thauj nws tus kheej nqa.

Thawv hws cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov huab cua ntub nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom ntawm lub thawv txias lub ru tsev thiab phab ntsa thaum lub nkoj txav los ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua, nrog cov tee dej poob rau hauv cov khoom thauj hauv qab no. Cargo hws tsim txoj kev sib txawv, thaum cov dej noo twb nyob rau hauv los yog ntawm cov khoom condenses raws li cov huab cua nyob ib puag ncig.

Vim hais tias stainless coil, ntawv, thiab bar tsis tsim lawv tus kheej ya raws li cov organic cargo ua, condensation puas tsuaj rau VCI qhwv los yog interleaving ntawv feem ntau yog vim li cas rau loading tej yam kev mob, qhov cua, thiab kis tau tus mob - ib tug insured peril nyob rau hauv ICC (A) los yog (B) - es tsis yog inherent vice, muab (Vasiolacc) daim ntawv, thiab vice versa. thawv- cov ntaub ntawv qhuav tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum lub sijhawm thov.

Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi koj xav tau ua ntaub ntawv - thiab yeej - Stainless Steel Cargo Claim?

Xya cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab seb qhov kev thov puas tau them: daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov ntawv xeem, daim ntawv teev npe, ua ntej- cov duab xa tuaj, daim ntawv them nqi huv si, sau ntawv ceeb toom txog kev poob, kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej, thiab daim ntawv pov hwm nws tus kheej.

Mill Test Report (MTR): khi cov xov tooj cua sov tshwj xeeb thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom xa rov qab mus rau nws qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub zeb, ua ntej nws puas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub thawv - lub hauv paus tus neeg kho qhov sib piv kev puas tsuaj.

Cov npe ntim thiab ntim cov ntsiab lus: cov ntaub ntawv VCI qhwv, desiccant, dunnage, thiab ntug tiv thaiv siv, uas yog lub hauv paus rau rebutting ib qho tsis txaus -packing exclusion.

Ua ntej- duab xa khoom: cov duab hnub tim ntawm cov khoom thauj thiab nws cov ntim tam sim ua ntej ntim khoom lossis thauj nkoj.

Daim nqi huv si: tus neeg nqa khoom tau txais daim ntawv lees paub tias cov khoom thauj tau txais hauv qhov pom meej zoo, uas hloov lub nra mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom lossis tus neeg tuav pov hwm los piav qhia txog kev puas tsuaj pom thaum tso tawm.

Kev sau ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev poob: xa lub sijhawm kev puas tsuaj raug pom, vim tias ncua sij hawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem siv los sib cav txog qhov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim tom qab xa lossis cov cai tshuaj xyuas tau ploj.

Independent discharge daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas: ib tug marine surveyor lub contemporaneous kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus mob, qhov twg, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj los yog warehouse ntawm paug.

Daim ntawv pov thawj lossis daim ntawv pov thawj txoj cai: lees paub qhov twg ICC qib, nyiaj pov hwm, thiab kev pom zoo (kev ua tsov ua rog, kev tawm tsam, warehouse-rau- warehouse) siv tau rau cov khoom xa tuaj.

Puas yog Marine Cargo Insurance Npog Qhov Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab rau Kev Xa Khoom Stainless Hlau?

Yog lawm. Cov nqi nruab nrab thiab kev khaws cia yog them rau hauv tag nrho peb lub koom haum Cargo Clause tiers, suav nrog qhov nqaim tshaj plaws, ICC (C), vim qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo hauv hiav txwv es tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib tus tswv ntawm cov khoom.

Qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab, tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm York- Txoj Cai Antwerp, xav kom txhua tog neeg nrog cov khoom thauj hauv lub nkoj los pab txhawb qhov sib npaug thaum lub nkoj tus tswv ua rau kev txiav txim siab, tsim nyog fij - jettisoning cargo, tua hluav taws, lossis txais kev pab cawm - kom txuag tau txoj kev taug kev.

Txawm tias tus tswv ntawm cov khoom thauj uas nws cov yeeb nkab tsis muaj hlau los yog forgings tuaj txog tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm nrog cov nyiaj nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab thov kom tso nyiaj ntsuab los yog lav ua ntej tus neeg nqa khoom yuav tso cov khoom. Vim tias ICC (A), (B), thiab (C) tag nrho teb rau qhov nruab nrab qhov kev pab cuam, nqa txawm tias qhov kev tuav pov hwm thauj khoom tsawg kawg kom zam qhov ntawd tawm ntawm - ntawm - hnab tshos raug - ib qho ntxiv vim li cas CIF's ICC (C) pem teb, nyias raws li nws yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev, tseem muaj nqi tiag tiag.

Kev ntim khoom thiab lashing cuam tshuam li cas rau koj qhov kev thov - Txawm tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho - Kev pheej hmoo npog?

Kev ntim khoom tsis txaus tsis hais txog qib ICC, uas ua rau VCI qhwv, tiv thaiv ntug, thiab lashing rau cov qauv kev lees paub ua ntej ntawm kev pab them nqi - tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj - tswj kev coj ua zoo tshaj.

Clauses 4 txog 7 ntawm txhua lub koom haum Cargo Clause tier tsis suav nrog kev poob lossis kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntim khoom tsis txaus lossis tsis tsim nyog lossis npaj cov ntaub ntawv pov hwm, thiab qhov kev cais tawm no siv rau sab saum toj ntawm, tsis yog, qhov twg qib twg yog yuav. Rau stainless thiab npib tsib xee alloy yeeb nkab, flanges, thiab forgings, uas txhais tau hais tias bundling, dunnage, VCI daim ntawv, thiab cargo securing yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj xws li IMO/ILO/UNECE Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTU Code), nrog rau lashing xam qhov loj me rau qhov hnyav thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov neeg sau ntawv kho mob tsis yog- raws li kev ntim khoom raws li kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov xwm txheej implied; kev ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom yog ib txoj hauv kev kim tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kev thov tsis raug cai.

Dab tsi ntxiv Kev Pabcuam Yuav Tsum Cov Neeg Yuav Khoom Siab -Tus nqi Nickel Alloy Cargo Ntxiv?

War and Strikes clauses, a warehouse-to-warehouse (transit) extension, and an increase-value or duty clause close the practical gap that ICC (A) ib leeg cia qhib rau ntev, ntau- ceg nickel alloy xa khoom.

Lub koom haum War Clauses thiab Institute Strikes Clauses tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov txheej txheem thauj khoom thiab yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv sib cais yog tias cov khoom xa tuaj hla lossis pib los ntawm ntau dua - thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo. Lub tsev khaws khoom-rau- lub tsev khaws khoom txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov ceg sab hauv av, kev thauj mus los, thiab txhua lub thawv- thaj chaw nyob lub sijhawm uas lub chaw nres nkoj nruj- rau- txoj cai chaw nres nkoj yuav txwv tsis pub tawm - qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom thauj tos ntawm kev lis kev cai lossis kev sib txuas ntawm lub nkoj qeeb.

Rau npib tsib xee alloy cargo xws li Inconel 625 los yog Hastelloy C276, uas nws ib tug - tuj tus nqi yog ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon los yog cov qauv stainless cov khoom, ib tug nce - nqe nqe lus los yog lub luag hauj lwm thiab nce - tus nqi pom zoo ua kom cov nyiaj pov hwm cov nqi hloov pauv, freight, thiab ib qho dej num uas tau them tag nrho.

Cov lus nug nquag

Q: Puas yog ICC (A) "tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo" npog xeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau stainless?

A: Tsis yog. Tag nrho peb lub koom haum Cargo Clause tiers tsis suav nrog lwm tus, kev hnav thiab tsim kua muag, thiab xeb lossis oxidation tsis hais qib twg. ICC (A) tsuas yog ntxiv npog rau cov kev pheej hmoo uas tsis suav nrog lwm qhov, xws li tub sab, nyiag, lossis kev ua tsis raug.

Q: Leej twg npaj kev tuav pov hwm raws li CIF stainless hlau xaj xaj?

A: Tus neeg muag khoom, tab sis tsuas yog mus rau ICC (C) yam tsawg kawg nkaus tshwj tsis yog tus neeg yuav khoom daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb xav tau qib siab dua. Cov neeg yuav khoom uas xav tau tag nrho - kev tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum thov ICC (A) npog ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim raug lees paub.

Q: Tus neeg tuaj yeem thov rau chloride pitting pom ntawm qhov chaw?

A: Tsuas yog lub pitting tuaj yeem khi rau qhov kev pov hwm kev pov hwm thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los, xws li seawater ingress, condensation, los yog lub ntim tsis ua hauj lwm, es tsis ua ntej - muaj paug paug los ntawm kev tsim khoom los yog cia ua ntej xa khoom.

Q: Puas yog qhov nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab tsis siv neeg ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj stainless hlau?

A: Yog. Cov nqi nruab nrab thiab cov nqi khaws cia yog them raws li ICC (A), (B), thiab (C) zoo ib yam, vim qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog kev sib koom ua ke hauv hiav txwv es tsis yog cov khoom thauj - kev puas tsuaj tshwj xeeb.

Q: Yuav tsum ceev npaum li cas cov khoom puas yuav tsum tau qhia kom khaws tau daim ntawv thov?

A: Tam sim ntawd raws li kev tshawb pom, nrog rau kev sau ntawv ceeb toom thiab ib qho kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej feem ntau teem nyob rau hauv hnub ntawm kev tso tawm. Cov neeg nqa khoom lav lub sij hawm tuav, feem ntau ib xyoos nyob rau hauv Hague -Visby Cov Cai lossis COGSA, khiav ntawm tus kheej ntawm - thiab feem ntau sai dua - cov txheej txheem thov kev tuav pov hwm hauv qab.