Nickel 200 vs Nickel 201 Tsawg-Kev xaiv carbon Nickel

Kev lag luam tsom

Electronics / Chemical Processing

Tshaj tawm

2025|Hloov tshiab txhua xyoo

Cov qauv

ASTM B160/B162/ASME SB-160

Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 yog ob qho tib si ua lag luam ntshiab npib tsib xee alloys (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99% Ni) uas zoo tib yam thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv me me - cov ntsiab lus carbon - tsim qhov kev txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub siab. Xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm qib tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev, ua tsis tiav ntxov, thiab raug kaw ntau lawm.

Nickel 200 vs Nickel 201

Phau ntawv qhia no muab cov ntaub ntawv nruj, cov ntaub ntawv- tau tsav kev sib piv thoob plaws rau qhov tseem ceeb: tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, siab - tus cwj pwm kub, fabricability, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab. Thaum kawg, koj yuav paub tseeb tias qib twg nyob hauv koj daim ntawv thov.

Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) muaj txog li 0.15% carbon. Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) yog qhov qis -carbon variant, capped ntawm 0.02% carbon - a 7.5 × txo. Qhov no ua rau Nickel 201 tiv thaiv rau graphite nag lossis daus ("graphitization") saum toj 315℃(600℃F), qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau Nickel 200 hauv siab -kev pabcuam kub. Rau txhua daim ntawv thov saum toj 315 degree, Nickel 201 yog qhov yuav tsum tau xaiv.

Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) cov khoom siv

Nickel 200tau ua haujlwm ntawm tsev neeg nickel alloy txij thaum xyoo pua 20th. Nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus ntawm 99.0%, nws muab cov khoom zoo corrosion kuj, zoo heev hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, thiab muaj zog sib nqus zog. Nws yog qib pib tiv thaiv uas tag nrho lwm cov nickel alloys yog benchmarked.

Lub npe tseem ceeb: UNS N02200. European sib npaug: Ni 99.2 (EN 2.4066). Kev tswj hwm los ntawm ASTM B160 (rod / bar), B161 (tube), B162 (daim ntawv / phaj), B163 (condenser raj).

Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) Cov khoom siv

Nickel 201tau tsim tshwj xeeb los hais txog qhov siab -kub embrittlement txwv ntawm Nickel 200. Los ntawm kev txwv cov pa roj carbon ntau tshaj 0.02%, cov hlau tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm intergranular graphite nag lossis daus uas ua rau Nickel 200 tsis muaj zog tshaj 315℃. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm yam kev hwm - corrosion kuj, hluav taws xob khoom, formability - Nickel 201 ntais ntawv los yog tshaj Nickel 200.

Lub npe tseem ceeb: UNS N02201. European sib npaug: Ni 99.2 LC (EN 2.4068). Kev tswj hwm los ntawm tib yam ASTM B-series cov qauv nrog "L" lossis "201" cov npe sau npe.

Vim li cas Carbon yog qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb

Hauv npib tsib xee, carbon muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Saum toj no 315℃(600℃F), carbon migrate rau grain ciam teb thiab precipitates li graphite hais. Qhov no graphite network tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ciam teb, ua rau embrittlement, txo ductility, thiab susceptibility rau intergranular corrosion. Qhov qis dua cov pa roj carbon, qhov siab dua qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub. Nickel 201's 0.02% max carbon txwv tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no tag nrho hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam feem ntau.

Cov lus hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov npe tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li cov qauv ASTM rau ob qib. Txhua lub hauv paus plays lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev coj tus cwj pwm alloy.

Lub ntsiab	Nickel 200 (N02200)	Nickel 201 (N02201) khoom	Lub luag hauj lwm & Qhov tseem ceeb
Nickel + cobalt (min)	99.0%	99.0%	Thawj matrix; corrosion & magnetic zog
Cov pa roj carbon (max)	0.15%	0.02%	KEY DIFFERENTIATOR - tswj kev siab -temp stability
Manganese (max)	0.35%	0.35%	Deoxidizer; me me khoom- tshuaj tiv thaiv
Hlau (max)	0.40%	0.40%	impurity; tswj rau purity
Sulfur (max)	0.010%	0.010%	Tswj kom tsis txhob kub tawg thaum vuam
Silicon (max)	0.35%	0.35%	Deoxidizer; txhim kho oxidation tsis kam
Tooj liab (max)	0.25%	0.25%	Cov txiaj ntsig me me corrosion; tswj kom sib xws

Lus Cim: Ob qib yog qhov tseem ceeb zoo ib yam hauv cov khoom tshwj tsis yog cov pa roj carbon. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm lawv cov kab ncaj qha rov qab mus rau tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab nws tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kub siab.

Ntawm chav tsev kub, Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 nthuav tawm ze li ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tib yam. Qhov sib txawv me ntsis cuam tshuam txog cov ntsiab lus qis dua ntawm Nickel 201, uas txo cov khoom siv - kev daws teeb meem ntxiv me ntsis tab sis txhim kho ductility thiab toughness.

Khoom	Nickel 200 (Annealed)	Nickel 201 (Annealed)	Test Standard
Qhov kawg Tensile Strength	380-550 MPa (55-80 ksi)	345-480 MPa (50-70 ksi)	ASTM E8
Yield zog (0.2% offset)	100-275 MPa (15-40 ksi)	83-240 MPa (12-35 ksi)	ASTM E8
Elongation (min)	40%	40%	ASTM E8
Kev txo qis ntawm cheeb tsam	~70%	~72%	ASTM E8
Hardness (Brinell)	90-120 HB	85–115 HB	ASTM E10
Elastic Modulus	204 GPa (29.6 Msi)	204 GPa (29.6 Msi)	ASTM E111
Fatigue Strength (10⁸ cycles)	~ 230 MPa	~ 220 MPa	ASTM E 466 1
Impact Strength (Charpy)	>200 J	>220 J	ASTM E23

Kev soj ntsuam: Nickel 200 qhia tau hais tias muaj zog tensile ntau dua thiab tawm lub zog ntawm chav tsev kub vim yog cov pa roj carbon cov khoom- kev daws teeb meem ntxiv zog. Txawm li cas los xij, Nickel 201 qhia tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo dua me ntsis toughness thiab elongation - qhov zoo uas sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub siab.

Tshaj 315 degree, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qib ua tau zoo heev. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tensile zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Kub	Khoom	Nickel 200	Nickel 201	Txiav txim
200℃(392℃F)	UTS	310 MPa	295 MPa ua	Zoo sib xws - ob leeg txais tau
315℃(600℃F)	UTS	280 MPa	275 MPa rau	Hnub pib - N201 pib ua
425℃(797℃F)	UTS	220 MPa *	260 MPa	N201 kom meej meej superior
540℃(1004℃F)	UTS	Degraded *	235 MPa rau	N200 tsis pom zoo
650℃(1202℃F)	Elongation	Txo hnyav *	>35%	N201 tsuas yog - N200 ua tsis tiav
315℃(600℃F)	Ductility ruaj khov	Kev poob qis	Kev tuav pov hwm tag nrho	N201 nyiam

Cov txiaj ntsig tau cim nrog hnub qub qhia txog kev ua haujlwm hnyav heev -vim ua rau embrittlement hauv Nickel 200. Cov txiaj ntsig tiag yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm raug thiab thermal cycling keeb kwm. Nickel 200 yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv kev txhawb nqa siab - qhov kev pabcuam kub siab tshaj 315℃.

Ob leeg Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 muaj npe nrov rau lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau ntau yam kev tshaj tawm corrosive. Raws li kev lag luam ntshiab npib tsib xee, lawv cia siab rau kev tsim cov khoom ruaj khov, ua raws cov nickel oxide passive zaj duab xis, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab nickel (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99%).

Corrosive nruab nrab	Nickel 200	Nickel 201	Sau ntawv
Caustic soda (NaOH) - tag nrho cov conc., ambient	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Ob leeg nyiam rau kev pabcuam alkali
Caustic soda (NaOH) - saum 315 degree	Tsis pom zoo	Zoo heev	N201 yuav tsum tau tshaj qhov pib
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) - dilute, ambient	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) - siab kub	pluag	Zoo – Zoo heev	N201 zoo dua
Fluorine gas (qhuav) - elevated temp	txwv	Zoo	N201 nyiam rau cov khoom siv fluorine
Neutral / alkaline ntsev tov	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Ob leeg haum
Organic acids (acetic, fatty acids)	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Daim ntawv thov kev sib cuag zaub mov
Seawater / marine ib puag ncig	Zoo	Zoo	Ceev-sensitive; sab laj engineer
Concentrated sulfuric acid (>96%)	Zoo	Zoo	Ob leeg passivate nyob rau hauv siab concentration
Dilute sulfuric acid (<60%)	txwv	txwv	Tham nrog tus kws tshaj lij; lwm yam alloys nyiam
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)	txwv	txwv	Tsis pom zoo; siv Hastelloy C
Qhuav chlorine gas (ambient)	Zoo	Zoo	Validated rau chlor-alkali nroj tsuag
Cov tshuaj chlorine ntub dej / cov tshuaj chlorinated	txwv	txwv	Pitting txaus ntshai; sab laj engineer
Qhuav hydrogen fluoride (HF gas)	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Cov khoom siv rau kev pabcuam HF
Txo / nruab nrab roj (H₂, N₂, Ar)	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Ob leeg haum rau inert gas tuav

Lus dab neeg: Zoo heev=< 0.1 mm/yr corrosion rate|Zoo=0.1–0.5 mm/yr|Txwv=0.5–1.27 mm/yr|Tsis pom zoo=> 1.27 mm/yr. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig yog kev taw qhia nkaus xwb. Qhov tseeb corrosion tus nqi yog nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tshaj tawm, cov kab mob, thiab qhov chaw nyob. Ib txwm ua qhov chaw- kev sim daim coupon tshwj xeeb rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb.

Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab npib tsib xee yog cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv rau kev tuav cov tshuaj caustic. Ob qib muab kev tiv thaiv zoo thoob plaws tag nrho cov concentrations ntawm ambient kub. Txawm li cas los xij, chlor-alkali kev lag luam - qhov twg caustic yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab - mandates Nickel 201 tsuas yog vim qhov kub thiab txias raug tshaj 315 degree.

Kev lag luam Standard: Chlor-Alkali Plant Specification

Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb chlor-alkali kev lag luam (cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab caustic soda) tau tsim qauv ntawm Nickel 201 rau cov raj evaporator, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, thiab cov kav dej xa hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab tshaj 315 degree. Kev siv Nickel 200 hauv cov ntawv thov no yog txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm hauv cov qauv kev tsim vaj tsev feem ntau, suav nrog NACE MR0175 thiab ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, vim muaj cov ntaub ntawv graphitization ua tsis tiav.

Cov lus hauv qab no sib piv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem thermal, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab sib nqus sib nqus.

Khoom	Nickel 200 (N02200)	Nickel 201 (N02201) khoom	Chav tsev
Qhov ntom	8.89	8.89	g/cm³
Melting Point (kua kua)	1446	1446	degree
Melting Point (zeeg)	1435	1435	degree
Hluav taws xob tiv thaiv (20 degree)	9.5	8.0	μΩ · cm
Thermal conductivity (20 degree)	70.2	71.8	W/m·K
Coefficient ntawm Thermal Expansion (20-100 degree)	13.3	13.3	μm / m · degree
Tshwj xeeb kub muaj peev xwm (20 degree)	456	456	J/kg · K
Curie Kub	358	358	degree
Sib nqus Permeability (pib)	~1000	~1000	μᵣ (tus txheeb ze)
Young's Modulus (20 degree)	204	204	GPa
Poisson tus ratio	0.31	0.31	-

Lus Cim: Cov hluav taws xob qis me ntsis ntawm Nickel 201 yog ib qho txiaj ntsig tsis ncaj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg, ua rau nws zoo nkauj dua rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum muaj kev sib xws.

Both grades are highly ductile and easily cold-worked using standard equipment. They can be drawn, stamped, spun, and rolled without intermediate annealing for moderate reductions. For severe cold work (>30% txo), intermediate annealing ntawm 700-900℃rov ductility thiab tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem.

Fabrication Attribute	Nickel 200	Nickel 201	Sau ntawv
Kev ua haujlwm txias	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Ob leeg heev formable
Ua haujlwm kub (900-1230 degree)	Zoo	Zoo	Yuav tsum tau tswj qhov kub thiab txias
Machinability ntsuam xyuas (vs. pub dawb- txiav hlau)	~50%	~55%	Kev nrawm nrawm; siv cov cuab yeej carbide
Sib sib zog nqus kos duab / stamping	Zoo heev	Zoo heev	Nyiam rau cov khoom siv tubular
Spinning / flow forming	Zoo	Zoo heev	N201 ua haujlwm qis dua - tus nqi hardening
Annealing kub	700-925 degree	700-925 degree	Huab cua-tswj lub qhov cub nyiam dua
Tom qab-weld cua sov yuav tsum tau kho	Qee zaum	Tsis tshua muaj	N201 ntau vuam- ruaj khov

Ob leeg yog weldable los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem txheem - GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG), SMAW (stick), thiab SAW. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau txhua qib:

Nickel 200: Siv ERNi-1 xaim xaim (GTAW/GMAW) lossis ENi-1 electrodes (SMAW). Tsawg cua sov input nyiam. Tom qab-weld annealing pom zoo rau daim ntawv thov saum toj no 260℃los txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem thiab rov ua dua cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas yuav tau tsiv mus rau cov ciam teb thaum lub sij hawm vuam.

Nickel 201: Siv ERNi-1 lossis ENi-1 muab tub lim - tib yam li Nickel 200. Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam tsis tshua xav tau vim muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg. Superior weld stability ua rau nws qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib koom ua ke welded hauv kev pabcuam kub.

Ob qib: Khaws qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv qab 150 degree. Ntxuav cov pob qij txha kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov sulfur- cov kabmob sib txuas (cov roj, xim, cov cim) - leej faj ua rau kub tawg hauv nickel welds.

Muaj Cov Khoom Muag Khoom

Yam khoom	Nickel 200 Txheem	Nickel 201 Txuj	Muaj
Qws thiab Bar	ASTM B 160	ASTM B 160	Ob leeg - dav dav
Daim Ntawv thiab Phaj	ASTM B162	ASTM B162	Ob leeg - dav dav
Seamless Tube	ASTM B161	ASTM B161	Ob leeg - txheem zeb khoom
Condenser / Kub Exch. Tube	ASTM B163	ASTM B163	Ob leeg - qhia cov npe alloy
Hlau	ASTM B166 * 2.	ASTM B166 * 2.	Ob leeg - N201 tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov hlau zoo
Tube (Seamless)	ASTM B829 Cov khoom lag luam	ASTM B829 Cov khoom lag luam	Ob leeg - xaj rau qhov tshwj xeeb
Forgings	ASTM B564	ASTM B564, 1	Ob leeg - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua
Castings	ASTM A494 Cov khoom lag luam	ASTM A494 Cov khoom lag luam	N200 ntau dua hauv qib casting
Sawb / Ntawv Nyiaj	ASTM B162	ASTM B162	Ob qho - kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb

* Lus Cim: Cov khoom siv hlau siv ASTM B166 rau Nickel 200/201 hlau. Hlau hlau (< 1.0 mm) may require special mill order for Nickel 201 grade due to lower production volumes.

Nickel 200 vs Nickel 201 Low-Carbon Nickel Selection

Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws rau Nickel 200

Ambient -kub caustic tuav tshuab (tag nrho cov concentrations)

Cov khoom siv ua zaub mov: conveying, ua noj, thiab tuav cov hlab ntsha rau fatty acids thiab organic compounds

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: txhuas thav duab, tiv tauj, npib blanks, thiab cov khoom siv electroformed

Transducer thiab magnetostrictive device manufacturing (siv cov khoom sib nqus)

Plating anodes hauv kev ua haujlwm electroplating

Cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm tuav hydrofluoric acid ntawm qhov kub thiab txias

Automotive spark plug electrodes thiab scientific instrument Cheebtsam

Cov qauv siv hauv qab 315℃qhov siab tshaj plaws lub zog xav tau

Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws rau Nickel 201

Chlor-alkali nroj tsuag evaporators, piping, thiab tshav kub exchangers (siab tshaj 315 degree)

Caustic soda concentration systems ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab

Cov khoom siv fluorine thiab hydrofluoric acid tsim thiab tuav

Fluorocarbon (PTFE, HF gas) tsim khoom siv

High -kub tshuaj reactors thiab cov hlab ntsha siab

Lub tshuab nqus tsev rauv Cheebtsam thiab siab -kub fixtures

Rocket engine Cheebtsam thiab cov qauv aerospace hauv thermal cycling kev pabcuam

Offshore / subsea Wellhead Cheebtsam raug rau qhov kub siab

Txhua daim ntawv thov xav tau kev tsim kho welded uas yuav pom kev pabcuam siab tshaj 315 degree

Daim ntawv thov sib koom (Txawm Qib Txais)

Ambient -Qhov kev pabcuam kub corrosive thoob plaws ntau pawg xov xwm

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis raug rau thermal cycling

Marine hardware thiab instrumentation ntawm ambient kub

Khoom noj khoom haus-qib conveying khoom qis dua 315 degree

Siv cov lus no ua thawj zaug -pass engineering soj ntsuam cov cuab yeej. Nws suav nrog cov xwm txheej kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws uas tau ntsib hauv kev xyaum. Qhov no matrix tsis hloov tag nrho engineering kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kawm corrosion.

Kev Pabcuam	Pom zoo Qib	Kev xav
Ua haujlwm kub> 315℃(600℃F)	Nickel 201	Graphitization txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv N200 saum toj no qhov pib
Kev khiav hauj lwm temp Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug mus rau 315 degree, txhua yam corrosive media	Nickel 200	Tus nqi- sib piv; N200 marginally muaj zog
Chlor{0}}alkali / caustic evaporators	Nickel 201	Kev lag luam-mandated; N200 txwv tsis pub los ntawm kev qhia tshwj xeeb
HF acid kev pab cuam, ambient kub	Nickel 200	Ob leeg zoo heev; N200 tus nqi qis dua yog tias temp yog ambient
HF acid kev pab cuam, siab kub	Nickel 201	N201 superior tsis kam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Complex welded los ua ke, siab -temp kev pab cuam	Nickel 201	Superior weld stability; tsis muaj ncej-weld HT yuav tsum tau
Electronics / magnetic Cheebtsam	Nickel 200	Marginally ntau zog & dav muaj
Cov peev nyiaj- txwv tsis pub, kev pabcuam ambient	Nickel 200	Tus nqi qis dua; tag nrho kev ua tau zoo ntawm ambient temp
Fluorine gas processing khoom	Nickel 201	Zoo dua siab -temp resistance; kev lag luam tus qauv
Khoom noj khoom haus / kws tshuaj tiv tauj	Nickel 200	Ob leeg FDA- sib xws; N200 ntau nkag tau los
Thermal cycling kev pab cuam (nruab nrab)	Nickel 201	Grain ciam teb stability nyob rau hauv cycling tiv thaiv qaug zog
Cryogenic kev pab cuam (< -100 °C)	Nickel 200	Ob leeg haum; N200 dav muaj nyob ntawm cryogenic spec

Nickel 201 hais kom tus nqi qis tshaj Nickel 200 vim yog cov pa roj carbon nruj dua thiab cov kauj ruam ntxiv yuav tsum ua kom tiav tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02% carbon. Raws li ntawm 2025, qhia tus nqi:

Yam khoom	Nickel 200 (Qhov taw qhia)	Nickel 201 (Qhov taw qhia)	N201 hwm
Sheet & Phaj (ib kg)	$18–$26	$20–$29	~10–15%
Seamless Tube (ib 'meter')	$40–$120	$45–$135	~10–15%
Qws & Bar (ib kg)	$20–$30	$22–$34	~10–15%
Forgings (ib kg)	$35–$60	$38–$68	~10–15%

Cov nqi yog qhov qhia tau thiab raug rau LME nickel tus nqi hloov pauv, cov nqi hauv cheeb tsam, thiab kev txiav txim kom muaj nuj nqis. Ib txwm tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj zeb hais tam sim no. Tus nqi 10-15% rau Nickel 201 yog qhov sib txawv me tshaj plaws rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb alloy hloov kho hauv kev lag luam.

TCO Case Study: Caustic Evaporator Tubes - Nickel 200 vs Nickel 201

Ib lub chlor-alkali nroj tsuag nruab ib lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Nickel 200 evaporator raj (ua haujlwm ntawm 370 degree) ntawm tus nqi khoom ntawm $ 85,000. Tom qab 18 lub hlis, graphitization-induced embrittlement ua rau lub raj tsis ua haujlwm. Tus nqi hloov pauv: $ 85,000 hauv cov ntaub ntawv + $ 240,000 hauv lub sijhawm tsis tau npaj tseg + $ 35,000 hauv kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm=$ 360,000 tag nrho cov nqi tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov sib npaug Nickel 201 tube bank nqi $ 97,000 (14% cov khoom siv hwm) thiab tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam rau 12+ xyoo yam tsis muaj graphitization- cuam tshuam tsis ua haujlwm. 10-xyoo TCO: Nickel 200 txoj kev ≈ $ 1.8M (ntau qhov kev ua tsis tiav). Nickel 201 txoj kev ≈ $ 200,000 (tus nqi pib + tu ib txwm). TCO kom zoo dua ntawm Nickel 201: kwv yees li 9 × tus nqi qis dua lub neej nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej no.

Q1: Kuv puas tuaj yeem hloov Nickel 201 rau Nickel 200 hauv txhua daim ntawv thov?

A: Yog. Nickel 201 yog qhov poob - hauv kev hloov kho rau Nickel 200 hauv txhua daim ntawv thov. Cov khoom muaj ze li ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab Nickel 201 muaj cov npoo kev nyab xeeb ntxiv ntawm qhov kub siab. Tsuas yog vim li cas thiaj nyiam Nickel 200 yog tus nqi txo qis hauv ib puag ncig nkaus xwb - kub, tsis yog - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb.

Q2: Dab tsi yog graphitization thiab vim li cas nws tseem ceeb?

A: Graphitization yog nag lossis daus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide (graphite) ntawm npib tsib xee lis ciam teb thaum lub alloy yog tuav saum toj no 315℃rau ncua sij hawm. Cov txiaj ntsig graphite network ua haujlwm zoo li cov micro- tawg thoob plaws hauv cov khoom, txo qis tensile lub zog, ductility, thiab qaug zog tsis kam. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, cov khoom tuaj yeem tawg hauv kev ntxhov siab uas ib txwm ua rau tsuas yog elastic deformation. Nickel 201 cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg dhau los ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau graphite network, txawm tias tom qab xyoo ntawm kev nce siab - qhov kub thiab txias.

Q3: Kuv yuav ua li cas qhia qhov tseeb qib ntawm kev yuav khoom?

A: Nco ntsoov qhia ob qho tag nrho cov npe alloy thiab UNS tus lej: 'Nickel 200 (UNS N02200)' lossis 'Nickel 201 (UNS N02201)'. suav nrog ASTM tus qauv siv tau (xws li ASTM B162) thiab thov Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv (MTR) tau lees paub rau cov khoom siv cua sov. Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, thov qhov thib peb -kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide - qhov siab tshaj 0.02% rau Nickel 201 yog nruj txaus tias qhov pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Q4: Puas muaj cov qauv kev lag luam uas tso cai rau Nickel 201 tshaj Nickel 200?

A: Yog. Ntau tus qauv thiab cov lej kev lag luam tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau Nickel 201 (lossis txwv Nickel 200) rau kev nce siab -kev pabcuam kub: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 cov ntaub ntawv rau H₂S-cov kabmob puag ncig, ICI thiab Dow Chemical proprietary specifications7} thiab chloro chloride (ntau yam kev pabcuam hauv nkoj), chlorine code VIII) uas txwv Nickel 200 rau kev pabcuam hauv qab 315℃rau cov ntawv thov txuas ntxiv. Nco ntsoov lees paub cov lej siv nrog koj qhov project txoj cai tshuaj xyuas.

Q5: Puas yog Nickel 201 puas muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua lossis tsis zoo dua li Nickel 200?

A: Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ob qib muab qhov tseem ceeb zoo ib yam corrosion kuj thoob plaws txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm. Ntawm qhov kub siab, Nickel 201 tsis tu ncua ua haujlwm zoo dua Nickel 200 vim tias qhov tsis muaj graphitization khaws kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis zoo thiab cov hlau substrate, tiv thaiv cov kab sib txuas ntawm cov kab sib txuas uas tsim hauv graphitized Nickel 200.

Nickel 200 thiab Nickel 201 yog ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntev ntev ntawm kev ntseeg siab hauv kev xeb- kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau, thiab Nickel 200 tus nqi qis kom zoo dua ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov ntawv siv tsis yog -thermal.

Tshaj 315℃(600℃F), txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib piv no tsis nyob ze. Nickel 200 cov ntsiab lus carbon tsim ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis tuaj yeem degradation - graphitization - uas Nickel 201 tau tsim tshwj xeeb los tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv siab -kub caustic, fluorine, thiab tshuaj ua kev pab cuam, Nickel 201 tsis yog tsuas yog nyiam: nws yog tus qauv engineering.

Muab hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv rau Nickel 201 tsuas yog 10-15%, thaum lub neej ua haujlwm tus nqi kom zoo dua tuaj yeem tshaj 9 ×, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Nickel 201 rau txhua daim ntawv thov mus txog lossis tshaj 315℃yog tib txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv.

Kev pom zoo

Default rau Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) rau txhua daim ntawv thov uas muaj qhov kub siab tshaj 315 degree, welded sib dhos hauv cov kev pabcuam thermal, caustic concentration systems, lossis cov khoom siv fluorine / HF txheej txheem. Txuag Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) rau tus nqi -sensitive, ambient- daim ntawv thov kub qhov twg cov ntsiab lus carbon siab dua tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm. Thaum tsis ntseeg, qhia Nickel 201 - tus nqi 10-15% yog kev pov hwm tiv thaiv qhov tsis ua haujlwm uas raug nqi xaj ntau dua.

Txuj	Scope	Siv Rau
ASTM B 160	Qws thiab Bar	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM B161	Seamless Tube thiab yeeb nkab	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM B162	Daim ntawv, Sawb, thiab Phaj	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM B163	Condenser / Thaum tshav kub kub-Exchanger Tubes	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM B166	Qws, Bar, thiab Hlau (Ni alloys)	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM B564, 1	Forgings	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM B829 Cov khoom lag luam	Seamless Yeeb Nkab	Nickel 200 thiab 201
ASTM A494 Cov khoom lag luam	Castings (nickel alloys)	Nickel 200 (thawj)
ASME SB-160 rau SB-166	Cov hlab ntsha sib npaug	Ob qib
UNS N02200	Unified Numbering System npe	Nickel 200
UNS N02201	Unified Numbering System npe	Nickel 201
TS EN 2.4066	European txheem sib npaug	Nickel 200
TS EN 2.4068	European txheem sib npaug	Nickel 201