Monel K500 (UNS N05500)yog khoom plig rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob peb alloys tuaj yeem sib tw: seawater- qib corrosion kuj nrog kwv yees li peb npaug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus qauv Monel 400. Lub zog ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, los nrog lub qhov dej zoo -cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj zog - Monel K500 galls yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los yog lwm yam npib tsib xee- nplua nuj alloys. Kab lus no taug kev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog, piav qhia txog qhov laj thawj metallurgical tom qab nws, thiab nteg tawm cov khoom siv -pairing thiab hardness- cov tswv yim sib txawv uas cia cov engineers siv Monel K500 ua tiav hauv valve stems, twj tso kua mis shafts, thiab hnav rings yam tsis tau caw ib tug qaug dab peg.
Puas Monel K500 Resistant Galling?
Tsis muaj - nyob rau hauv nws li -machined, tus kheej-mated xeev, Monel K500 muaj tsis zoo galling kuj. Tshaj tawm qhov pib ntawm kev ntxhov siab (TGS) qhov tseem ceeb qhia tias nws qhov hnyav ntawm qhov hnyav li 2 ksi (14 MPa) tawm tsam Hom 304, Hom 316, 17-4 PH, thiab txawm tias Nitronic 50, kwv yees li 5-25 npaug qis dua li cov hlau nplaum-tiv taus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tib yam.
Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb, zoo -cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, thiab qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhov tseeb: nickel alloy tawv txaus rau lub kiv cua shafts thiab laum dab tshos tuaj yeem ntes cov khoom ntawm kev sib cuag nrog kev ntxhov siab zoo nyob rau hauv ib txwm bolted - sib koom lossis zawv zawg - haum cov kev pabcuam thauj khoom. Cov txheej txheem, cov lej, thiab cov tswv yim kho tau suav nrog hauv qab no.
Vim li cas Monel K500 Gall thiaj li yooj yim?
Galling tshwm sim vim Monel K500 yog ib zaug xwb-theem, ntsej muag-centered-cubic nickel- tooj liab cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj natural low-kev sib txhuam oxide txheej los yog nyuaj thib ob theem los tiv thaiv hlau-rau-hlau adhesion; nws lub zog siab ces sib xyaw cov teeb meem los ntawm kev tsom mus rau kev sib cuag kev ntxhov siab es tsis txhob dissipating nws los ntawm kev hnav maj mam.
Galling yog ib qho kev hnav tsis ua hauj lwm: thaum ob lub hlau nto swb tawm tsam ib leeg hauv kev thauj khoom, cov ntsiab lus microscopic siab (asperities) tuaj yeem txias ib ntus -weld ua ke. Yog hais tias cov khoom yog ductile thiab ductile - mus rau - ductile contact re-welding sai dua li nws txiav kom huv si sib nrug, torn fragments tsim, cov nto roughen ntxiv, thiab kev sib txhuam khiav mus txog rau thaum cov khoom txeeb. Alloys uas tiv thaiv galling feem ntau ua li ntawd los ntawm ib qho ntawm ob lub tswv yim: ib qho nyuaj, tsis tu ncua oxide los yog cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis tu ncua uas ua rau cov hlau liab los ntawm kev sib cuag cov hlau liab qab (xws li hauv Nitronic 60's silicon -nplua nuj oxide zaj duab xis), los yog microstructure nrog ib theem nyuaj thib ob uas tiv taus qhov txias - vuam thiab tearing txheej txheem.
Monel K500 tsis muaj qhov zoo dua thaum sib cuag nrog zawv zawg. Nws cov corrosion kuj yog los ntawm nyias fluoride - los yog oxide-raws li passive zaj duab xis uas yog yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm rubbing, thiab nws lub zog los ntawm finely dispersed Ni3 (Al, Ti) gamma -prime precipitates uas tsa hardness thiab yield zog yam tsis tau hloov lub fundamentally ib leeg {{6}simlars, 7} xwm txheej, tshuaj lom neeg. Vim hais tias ob lub Monel K500 nto (los yog Monel K500 tawm tsam lwm cov npib tsib xee{11}}nplua nuj alloy) yog cov tshuaj yuav luag zoo tib yam, ob qhov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib nrig sib solubility thiab adhesion ib zaug cov zaj duab xis passive cuam tshuam - tib chemistry uas muab Monel nws corrosion resistance} kuj ua rau nws tus kheej{{13} npib tsib xee- ntawm- npib tsib xee zawv zawg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav txias- vuam.
Dab tsi yog Tshaj Tawm Galling Test Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia rau Monel K500?
Nyob rau hauv tus qauv khawm-thiab- thaiv kev kuaj mob galling, Monel K500 (hnub nyoog, ~ 321 HB) galled ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws (2 ksi / 14 MPa) tawm tsam Hom 304, Hom 316, 17-4 PH, thiab Nitronic nkaus xwb {{9} siab dua ({9}) 117 MPa) thaum ua khub tiv thaiv Nitronic 60, lub hom phiaj - ua kom tsis muaj zog-resistant stainless hlau.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yog los ntawm Armco's (tam sim no HP Alloys ') Nitronic 60 cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom lag luam, uas tau siv lub khawm - thiab - thaiv qhov ntsuas qhov siab: lub pob cylindrical tig yog nias tawm tsam lub tiaj tiaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev tuag nce ntxiv -load kev ntxhov siab kom txog thaum pom qhov muag pom ntawm 7x magnification. Qhov chaw pib qhov kev ntxhov siab (TGS) yog qhov kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim.
|
Ob peb (kwv yees. Hardness) |
Threshold Galling Stress |
Txhais lus |
|
K-500 Monel (321 HB) vs. Hom 304 (270 HB) |
2 ksi (14 MPa) |
Galls ntawm qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws - kev ua khub tsis zoo |
|
K-500 Monel (321 HB) vs. Hom 316 (161 HB) |
2 ksi (14 MPa) |
Galls ntawm qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws - kev ua khub tsis zoo |
|
K-500 Monel (321 HB) vs . 17-4 PH (415 HB) |
2 ksi (14 MPa) |
Galls ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kuaj load, txawm tawm tsam ib tug ntau nyuaj alloy |
|
K-500 Monel (321 HB) vs Nitronic 50 (245 HB) |
2 ksi (14 MPa) |
Galls ntawm qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws - kev ua khub tsis zoo |
|
K-500 Monel (321 HB) vs Nitronic 60 (210 HB) |
17 ksi (117 MPa) |
8.5 × kev txhim kho - Nitronic 60's oxide zaj duab xis resists adhesion txawm tawm tsam softer - tshwm sim nominal hardness |
Table 1. Kev kub ntxhov siab ntawm Monel K500 tawm tsam ntau lub valve thiab twj tso kua mis alloys, khawm unlubricated - thiab - thaiv kev xeem. Tau qhov twg los: Armco/HP Alloys Nitronic 60 Product Data Bulletin.
Qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws yog tias qhov tawv tawv ib leeg tsis kwv yees qhov kev tiv thaiv galling . 17-4 PH ntawm 415 HB yog qhov nyuaj dua li Monel K500, tab sis ob niam txiv tseem tab tom ua rau qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus - vim tias ob qho tib si alloys tuaj yeem txias -weld nyob rau hauv zawv zawg sib cuag thaum lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab nto cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog ua ke nrog Nitronic 60, uas nws lub siab tsis kam los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide ruaj khov thiab muaj zog siab - muaj peev xwm hardening es tsis yog los ntawm cov tawv tawv, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig kev txhim kho.
Monel K500 piv rau Nitronic 60 thiab lwm yam hnav Alloys li cas hauv kev sib cuag zawv zawg?
Hauv kev sib tw-lub tog raj kheej hnav, tus kheej-mated Monel K500 poob cov khoom ntawm kwv yees li 10–20 npaug ntawm tus kheej-mated Nitronic 60, thiab txawm tias ua khub Monel K500 tawm tsam ib qho nyuaj sib txawv tsuas yog qee qhov kaw qhov sib txawv.
Kev kub ntxhov siab qhia txog qhov pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nplaum nplaum; hnav- ntsuas ntsuas (Taber Met-Abrader, hla 90℃lub tog raj kheej, 16 lb / 71 N load, qhuav, hauv huab cua) ntsuas cov khoom tsis tu ncua thaum zawv zawg tab tom pib. Ob daim ntawv teev lus qhia ib zaj dab neeg sib xws.
|
Ob peb (kwv yees. Hardness) |
Poob qhov hnyav @ 105 RPM (mg / 1,000 cycles) |
Poob qhov hnyav @ 415 RPM (mg / 1,000 cycles) |
|
Monel K500 (C34) – tus kheej -mated |
30.65 |
23.87 |
|
Nitronic 60 (B95) - tus kheej -mated |
2.79 |
1.58 |
|
17-4 PH (C43) – tus kheej-mated |
52.80 |
12.13 |
|
Stellite 6B (C48) - tus kheej -mated |
1.00 |
1.27 |
|
Monel K500 (C34) vs Nitronic 60 (B95) |
22.9 |
- |
|
Monel K500 (C34) vs. Stellite 6B (C48) |
18.8 |
- |
|
Monel K500 (C34) vs . 17-4 PH (C43) |
34.1 |
- |
Table 2. Hnav compatibility ntawm tus kheej - khub niam txiv thiab sib txawv alloy. Tau qhov twg los: Armco/HP Alloys Nitronic 60 Product Data Bulletin, Taber Met-Abrader crossed-cylinder test.
Tus kheej-mated Monel K500 poob kwv yees li kaum npaug ntawm cov khoom hauv ib lub voj voog ntau dua li tus kheej -mated Nitronic 60, thiab txawm tias nws tus kheej zoo dua -mated 17-4 PH ntawm qhov kev ntsuas siab dua. Pairing Monel K500 tawm tsam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv-fab alloy (Nitronic 60 lossis Stellite 6B) txo qis hnav piv nrog tus kheej- kev sib tw, tab sis nkawm niam txiv tseem hnav nrawm dua li ntawm cov alloys khiav tawm tsam nws tus kheej. Cov lus xaus rau cov neeg tsim qauv: zam Monel K500 zawv zawg tiv thaiv Monel K500, lossis tawm tsam lwm yam npib tsib xee{16}}npib tsib xee alloy, nyob qhov twg qhov kev hnav qis dua tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau ib sab ntawm ob leeg.
Puas yog API 610 Hardness -Txoj Cai Sib txawv siv rau Monel K500 Cheebtsam?
Yog lawm. API 610 yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 50 Brinell hardness tooj (BHN) qhov sib txawv ntawm rotating thiab nyob ruaj ruaj hnav nto (tshwj tsis yog ob qho tib si tshaj 400 BHN), thiab Sulzer cov kev taw qhia sab hauv mus ntxiv, pom zoo 100 BHN - ob qho tib si siv ncaj qha rau Monel K500, uas yog qhov txawv txav yooj yim rau kev qhia meej ntawm ob lub hnub nyoog sib txawv.
Monel K500's aluminium-titanium hnub nyoog- hardening mechanism muab cov tsim tsim- nyob rau hauv txoj kev los tsim qhov sib txawv yam tsis hloov cov tsev neeg alloy. Nyob rau hauv cov mob annealed, Monel K500 feem ntau khiav hauv 150-200 HB ntau; Tom qab lub hnub nyoog tag nrho hardening, nws feem ntau ncav cuag 250-330 HB (kwv yees Rockwell C24-C35), raws li 321 HB / Rockwell C34 aged mob siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj galling saum toj no. Qhov ntawd yog lub viav vias ntawm qhov zoo tshaj 100 HB nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev annealed thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tib lub alloy - ntau tshaj qhov txaus los txaus siab txawm tias Sulzer qhov nruj dua 100 BHN kev pom zoo yog tias ib qho mating tivthaiv yog sab laug annealed thiab lwm yam yog tag nrho cov hnub nyoog.
|
Txoj cai |
Kev xav tau |
|
API 610 (11th Ed., §6.10) yam tsawg kawg nkaus hardness sib txawv |
Yam tsawg kawg yog 50 BHN qhov sib txawv ntawm rotating thiab hnav nyob ruaj ruaj- cov ntaub ntawv nplhaib, tshwj tsis yog ob qho tib si saum npoo tshaj 400 BHN |
|
Sulzer Internal ntseeg kev taw qhia |
Tsawg kawg yog 100 BHN qhov sib txawv pom zoo rau kev txhim khu kev ntseeg siab hauv cov twj tso kua mis centrifugal coj cov khoom |
|
Monel K500 annealed mob (tus qauv) |
≈ 150–200 HB |
|
Monel K500 muaj hnub nyoog tag nrho - mob hnyav (xws li) |
≈ 250–330 HB (≈ Rockwell C24–C35) |
Table 3. API 610 thiab Sulzer hardness -qhov yuav tsum tau sib txawv piv nrog cov hardness ntau yam ua tau raws li Monel K500 khoom kab.
Cov khoom siv dab tsi -Pairing Strategies Tiag tiag tiv thaiv Monel K500 Galling hauv Kev Pabcuam?
Cov tswv yim txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws yog (1) ua ke cov hnub nyoog Monel K500 tawm tsam annealed Monel 400 lossis lwm qhov sib txawv, qis dua -nickel alloy los tsim cov hardness thiab chemistry sib txawv, (2) hloov lub hom phiaj - ua galling - resistant alloy xws li Nitronic 30 (nrog rau hnav thiab 60). los tiv thaiv- txeeb chaw lossis qhuav- zaj duab xis / PTFE txheej ntawm Monel K500 threaded lossis zawv zawg haum raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ua ke, tsis yog kev xaiv ceev faj.
|
Daim ntawv thov |
Pom zoo xyaum |
|
Valve qia nyob rau hauv bronze los yog stainless bushing |
Nyiam qhov sib txawv ntawm - alloy bushing (aluminium bronze, Nitronic 60, lossis 17-4 PH) tshaj ib qho npib tsib xee- tooj liab bushing; qhia kom meej khiav clearances dav txaus kom tsis txhob hlau -rau-hlau rubbing nyob rau hauv ib txwm qia mus ncig teb chaws. |
|
Pump hnav rings (Impeller nplhaib vs. casing nplhaib) |
Siv API 610 50 BHN txoj cai raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, Sulzer's 100 BHN qhov kev ntseeg siab yog qhov tseem ceeb; ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev laus ib lub nplhaib thiab tawm hauv lwm qhov annealed, lossis los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke Monel K500 tiv thaiv cov hlau tsis sib xws xws li txhuas bronze lossis Nitronic 60. |
|
Threaded fasteners (K500 studs / ceev) |
Tsis txhob sib sau Monel K500 qhuav, tus kheej -mated. Siv Monel 400 txiv ntoo rau ntawm Monel K500 stud rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab ib txwm siv los tiv thaiv - txeeb cov khoom sib txuas txawm tias qhov kev sib tw hardness xaiv. |
|
Pump ncej tes tsho thiab impeller hubs |
Qhov twg lub ncej yog Monel K500 rau lub zog, qhia ib lub tes tsho sib txawv los yog hnav cov khoom saum npoo ntawm thaj chaw tiv tauj es tsis yog Monel- ntawm -Monel haum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv marine thiab qaub- cov twj tso kua mis qhov kev tshem tawm cov ncej rau kev saib xyuas tsis tshua muaj. |
|
Txhua Monel K500 zawv zawg lossis rotating haum |
Xav txog PTFE-impregnated, manganese- phosphate, los yog nyuaj- chrome nto kho ntawm ib sab ntawm ob peb thaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau tsis sib xws tsis zoo rau corrosion lossis sib nqus - vim li cas permeability. |
Table 4. Cov khoom siv siv tau- kev xaiv thiab kev sib dhos kev taw qhia rau Monel K500 valve, twj tso kua mis, thiab daim ntawv thov fastener.
Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas no yuav tsum tau tso tseg Monel K500 qhov kev txhim kho corrosion thiab lub zog zoo - lawv tsuas yog xav tau kev lees paub, nyob rau theem tsim, qhov kev tiv thaiv galling yuav tsum tau tsim kho rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke lossis hnav khub sib cais los ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Tus kheej- sib koom Monel K500 tawm tsam nws tus kheej, yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, kev kho saum npoo, lossis roj nplua nyeem, yog ib qho kev teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no qhia yuav tsum yeej tsis tau teev tseg rau zawv zawg lossis threaded haum.
Thaum twg nws tseem ua tau zoo los xaiv Monel K500, txawm tias nws pheej hmoo txaus ntshai?
Monel K500 tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo thaum twg cov khoom xav tau Monel - qib corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv seawater, qaub roj, los yog chloride -cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ua ke nrog kwv yees li peb npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm Monel 400 - muab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm galling yog tswj los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cov tswv yim saum toj no es tsis quav ntsej.
Monel K500 tus nqi lus pom zoo yog qhov tshwj xeeb: tus nqi qis heev nyob rau hauv siab - dej hiav txwv ceev, tsis kam rau qaub- roj (H2S / CO2) ib puag ncig, thiab tsis yog - tus cwj pwm sib nqus, tag nrho nrog roughly triple lub zog tawm los thiab ob npaug ntawm lub zog tensile ntawm Monel 400. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub twj tso kua mis raws nraim yog vim li cas shaft shafts yog vim li cas. propeller ncej couplings, valve stems, thiab siab -preload marine fasteners txawm nws galling rhiab heev - tsis muaj qis dua - nqi lwm qhov sib tw rau tib lub zog-corrosion{12}}tsis kam piv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawd. Txoj haujlwm engineering tsis yog kom zam Monel K500, tab sis kom paub tseeb tias nws tsis tau hais kom swb lossis xov tawm tsam nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam.
Cov lus nug nquag
Dab tsi yog qhov pib ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm Monel K500?
Tus kheej-mated lossis tawm tsam cov alloys xws li Hom 304, Hom 316, 17-4 PH, thiab Nitronic 50, hnub nyoog Monel K500 galls ntawm qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tus qauv khawm-thiab-kev sim ntsuas (2 ksi / 14 MPa). Pairing nws tawm tsam Nitronic 60 nce qhov pib mus txog 17 ksi (117 MPa).
Yuav tsum Monel K500 yuav khiav tawm tsam nws tus kheej hauv lub valve qia lossis bushing?
Tsis yog. Tus kheej Qhov sib txawv ntawm - alloy bushing, hardness sib txawv ntawm mating qhov chaw, los yog anti- txeeb / deg kho yuav tsum tau teev tseg.
Puas hardness ib leeg tiv thaiv Monel K500 los ntawm galling?
Tsis ntseeg. Cov ntaub ntawv xeem qhia Monel K500 galling ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kuaj load txawm tawm tsam 17-4 PH, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev. Galling kuj yog nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kev ruaj ntseg thiab microstructure dua li ntawm hardness ib leeg, txawm tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (ib API 610) tseem pab tau.
Dab tsi hardness sib txawv API 610 xav tau rau lub twj tso kua mis hnav nplhaib?
Yam tsawg kawg ntawm 50 Brinell hardness tooj (BHN) ntawm qhov sib hloov thiab nyob ruaj ruaj, tshwj tsis yog tias ob leeg tshaj 400 BHN. Sulzer txoj kev ntseeg sab hauv kev qhia pom zoo 100 BHN. Monel K500's annealed - mus rau - laus hardness range (kwv yees 150–330 HB) tuaj yeem ua tau raws li txoj cai hauv ib tsev neeg hlau.
Dab tsi alloy feem ntau hloov pauv kom tsis txhob Monel K500 galling?
Nitronic 60 (UNS S21800) yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov mating hnav nto, ua tsaug rau nws cov oxide zaj duab xis ruaj khov thiab muaj zog siab - muaj peev xwm hardening. Aluminium bronze thiab 17-4 PH kuj tseem siv, nrog rau yooj yim ua ke hnub nyoog Monel K500 tiv thaiv annealed Monel 400.
