ISO 15156 thiab NACE MR0175 yog, rau txhua lub hom phiaj siv tau, tib tus qauv. Txij li xyoo 2003, NACE International thiab International Organization for Standardization (ISO) tau koom ua ke khaws cia ib daim ntawv qhia kev, luam tawm nyob rau hauv ob lub npe NACE MR0175/ISO 15156. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm lawv - qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub npe los hais yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv cheeb tsam, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv.
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) yog ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj av lossis cov khoom siv kho kom zoo tuaj yeem ntsib. Txawm tias muaj pes tsawg tus, nyob rau hauv tensile kev nyuaj siab, tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tawg tsis muaj ceeb toom - hom tsis ua haujlwm hu ua sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, kev lag luam roj thiab roj cia siab rau ib daim ntawv tswj hwm rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv: NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156.
Kab lus no rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem npog li cas, ISO 15156 thiab NACE MR0175 cuam tshuam li cas rau ib leeg, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy dab tsi yuav tsum tau qhia kom ua raws.
Puas yog ISO 15156 thiab NACE MR0175 Puas yog Tus Qauv Zoo?
Yog lawm. Txij li thaum xyoo 2003 kev sib haum xeeb, ISO 15156 thiab NACE MR0175 xa mus rau ib qho txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, luam tawm ua ke los ntawm ob lub koom haum.
Ua ntej xyoo 2003, NACE MR0175 yog tus sawv cev-ib leeg ntawm North American cov ntaub ntawv, thawj zaug tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1975 los ntawm NACE International (tom qab ntawd National Association of Corrosion Engineers). Teb chaws Europe thiab lwm cheeb tsam feem ntau ua haujlwm los ntawm cais lub teb chaws lossis tuam txhab specifications. Tom qab ntau- xyoo kev sib haum xeeb, NACE thiab ISO tau muab cov ntsiab lus kev cob qhia rau hauv ib qho kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.
NACE tseem muag thiab siv nws li "NACE MR0175," thaum ISO tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li "ISO 15156." Feem ntau cov xaj xaj thiab qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tam sim no hais ob lub npe ua ke - NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 - tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis meej pem hauv cheeb tsam.
Rau cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov neeg yuav khoom, qhov no txhais tau tias ib yam hauv kev xyaum: cov khoom tsim nyog rau ISO 15156 yog tsim nyog rau NACE MR0175, thiab rov ua dua. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev ua raws cai los tswj.
Dab tsi yog NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 Tiag Cover?
Nws txhais cov hlau twg - thiab nyob rau hauv qhov hardness, cua sov- kev kho mob, thiab ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob - tiv thaiv tawg nyob rau hauv H₂S- muaj roj thiab roj ib puag ncig, hla peb feem.
Tus qauv yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw, txhua lub hom phiaj rau ib tsev neeg cov khoom sib txawv:
Ntu 1 - Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus dav dav: txhais cov ntsiab lus kev pabcuam qaub, cov txheej txheem tawg, thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav ib puag ncig (H₂S ib nrab siab thiab hauv -situ pH) siv thoob plaws tus qauv.
Ntu 2 - Cov pa roj carbon thiab qis- alloy steels: npog cov qauv thiab siab- ciam teb steels, suav nrog cov hlau cam khwb cia, nrog cov tawv tawv thiab kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv SSC.
Ntu 3 - Corrosion-cov alloys tiv taus (CRAs): suav nrog austenitic thiab duplex stainless hlau, npib tsib xee alloys, thiab titanium alloys - pawg uas cuam tshuam rau stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy manufacturers.
Tus qauv hais txog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg yooj yim tshaj li SSC, suav nrog kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking (SCC), hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), thiab stepwise cracking - txhua tus tswj hwm los ntawm nws tus kheej cov khoom siv thiab kev txwv ib puag ncig.
Dab tsi ua rau Sour Service Requirements?
Cov khoom siv poob rau hauv cov kev cai qaub qaub ib zaug H₂S ib nrab siab tshaj 0.3 kPa (0.05 psia) nyob rau hauv cov roj theem - ib tug dav siv teb pib pib, txawm hais tias qhov tsim nyog qhov project specification yeej ib txwm tswj.
Hauv qab qhov pib no, cov ntaub ntawv txheem xws li ASTM A105 lossis A106 feem ntau siv tau yam tsis muaj NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 ua raws - feem ntau hu ua "kev pabcuam qab zib." Saum toj no, tus qauv qhov hnyav cheeb tsam (Tebchaws 0 txog rau cheeb tsam 3, raws li H₂S ib feem ntawm lub siab thiab pH) txiav txim siab seb qib twg, txwv qhov nyuaj, thiab kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua. Vim tias HIC thiab SCC tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv - qee zaum qis dua - qhov pib dua SSC, engineers yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias ib tus lej npog txhua qhov kev sib tsoo; Txoj haujlwm tswj hwm kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov lus cuam tshuam hauv Tshooj 2 lossis Tshooj 3 yuav tsum raug kuaj ncaj qha.
Yuav ua li cas Hardness txwv txawv los ntawm tsev neeg cov khoom?
Hardness yog tus qauv thawj qhov chaw-kev tswj xyuas tau: kwv yees li 22 HRC rau cov pa roj carbon thiab qis- hlau alloy, cov kev txwv zoo sib xws rau ntau qib austenitic stainless, thiab siab dua - alloy- tshwj xeeb - qab nthab rau duplex stainless thiab nickel-raws li CRAs.
Hardness tseem ceeb vim tias nyuaj, ntau qhov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua microstructures muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hydrogen - pab tawg. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov kev txwv feem ntau hais; Cov txiaj ntsig tseeb nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb alloy, cov khoom tsim, thiab cheeb tsam hnyav, yog li tam sim no ib tsab ntawm Ntu 2 lossis Tshooj 3 yuav tsum yog qhov kawg siv.
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Tsev Neeg Khoom |
Hom Hardness txwv |
Tseem Ceeb Ntxiv Tswj |
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Cov pa roj carbon & tsawg- hlau alloy |
22 HRC / 250 HV10 (≈237 HBW) max |
PWHT feem ntau xav tau; puag hlau, vuam hlau, thiab HAZ txhua yam tswj |
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Austenitic stainless (piv txwv li, 316L) |
Feem ntau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 22 HRC, kev daws teeb meem -annealed |
Tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm txias los txhim kho lub zog; muaj pes tsawg leeg txwv rau C, S, P |
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Duplex stainless (piv txwv li, 2205, super duplex) |
Kwv yees li 28–32 HRC, alloy- thiab cheeb tsam- nyob ntawm |
Tswj cov ntsiab lus ferrite; nruj weld thiab PWHT cov txheej txheem |
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Nickel alloys (xws li Alloy 625, 825) |
Alloy- thiab mob- tshwj xeeb; feem ntau siab dua qab nthab |
Tsim nyog rau ib puag ncig txwv cov rooj hauv Part 3 |
Nyob rau hauv cov rooj sib txoos welded, tus qauv yuav tsum muaj kev soj ntsuam hardness hla cov niam txiv hlau, tshav kub- thaj chaw cuam tshuam, thiab vuam hlau - tsis yog lub hauv paus phaj lossis yeeb nkab - vim HAZ feem ntau yog qhov tawg yooj yim tshaj plaws - thaj chaw raug.
Dab tsi yog Stainless Hlau thiab Nickel Alloy Qib Tau Pom Zoo?
316L, 2205 duplex, thiab npib tsib xee alloys xws li 625, 825, thiab Monel K500 yog dav siv qaub-kev pabcuam CRAs, txhua qhov haum rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav thiab ib puag ncig chloride.
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Alloy |
UNS Number |
Lub luag haujlwm Sour Service |
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316L stainless hlau |
S31603 |
General CRA tubing thiab fittings nyob rau hauv nruab nrab H₂S / chloride ib puag ncig |
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TIAB SA 2205 |
S31803 / S32205 |
Siab dua - lub zog tubing, casing, thiab cov kab nrog CO₂, chlorides, thiab qis- mus rau - H₂S nruab nrab |
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Super duplex |
S32750 / S32760 |
Kev txhoj puab heev chloride thiab nruab nrab qaub ib puag ncig xav tau PREN siab dua |
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alloy 625 |
N06625 |
Siab -qhov hnyav qaub ib puag ncig; zoo heev SCC kuj |
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alloy 825 |
N08825 |
Nruab nrab -rau- siab hnyav kev pabcuam qaub nrog zoo corrosion kuj |
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Monel K500 |
N05500 |
Sour kev pabcuam fasteners thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau muaj zog dua |
304/304L stainless yog qhov tshwj xeeb tsis tau txais rau cov kev pabcuam qaub raws li NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 vim tsis txaus SSC tsis kam - ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb yuam kev tsim nyog ua ntej ntawm kev yuav khoom.
Dab tsi yog Ob Txoj Kev Kom Tsim Nyog Cov Khoom?
Cov ntaub ntawv raug xaiv ncaj qha los ntawm tus qauv ua ntej- cov rooj tsim nyog (txoj kev sau npe) lossis tsim nyog ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev sim ntsuas (kev ua tau zoo, Annex B).
Rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy, txoj kev sau ntawv yog sai dua thiab qis dua - tus nqi: yog tias ib qho hlau, nws qhov xwm txheej, thiab qhov chaw pabcuam poob rau hauv qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm hauv Tshooj 2 lossis Tshooj 3 lub rooj, tsis tas yuav tsum kuaj ntxiv.
Thaum cov hlau, cov khoom tsim, lossis cov khoom ib puag ncig ntog sab nraum cov ntxhuav - piv txwv li, ib cheeb tsam tshiab hnyav lossis ib qho khoom siv hlau - cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tsim nyog raws li Annex B, uas suav nrog simulated- kev sim ntsuas ib puag ncig (xws li SSC lossis SCC xeem txoj hauv kev hais txog hauv tus qauv).
NACE MR0175 cuam tshuam li cas rau NACE MR0103?
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 tswj hwm cov khoom siv roj thiab roj av, thaum NACE MR0103 tswj hwm cov khoom siv roj hauv qab - ob qhov sib ntxiv, tsis hloov pauv.
NACE MR0103, tawm xyoo 2003, tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub, uas txawv ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom hauv qhov kub thiab txias, siab, thiab dej chemistry. Qee cov khoom siv - xws li qee cov nickel alloys - yog tsim nyog raws li ob qho tib si qauv tab sis ntawm qhov sib txawv hardness ceilings, yog li qhia qhov tseeb tus qauv rau qhov raug ntu ntawm cov saw hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Ib qho khoom siv los ntawm lub taub hau yuav tsum siv NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156; ib qho kev tivthaiv rau cov txheej txheem refinery yuav tsum siv NACE MR0103, tshwj tsis yog tias qhov project specification qhia meej yuav tsum muaj ob qho tib si.
Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum qhia li cas rau ntawm daim ntawv xaj khoom?
Siv ob lub npe qauv, qhov siv tau, thaj tsam hnyav lossis ib puag ncig kev txwv, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj lub qab nthab hardness, thiab qib ntawv pov thawj (EN 10204 3.1} lossis 3.2).
Kev siv tus qauv: "NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3" (lossis cov khoom siv tau) es tsis yog lub npe ib leeg.
Kev txwv ib puag ncig: H₂S ib nrab siab, hauv -situ pH, chloride concentration, thiab kub rau qhov kev pab cuam.
Hardness yuav tsum tau: qhov tshwj xeeb HRC / HV10 qab nthab siv tau rau cov hlau thiab cov xwm txheej tau txiav txim.
Qhov xwm txheej: kev daws teeb meem-annealed, tsis ua haujlwm txias, lossis lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau ua kom sov- kho lub xeev.
Daim ntawv pov thawj: EN 10204 Hom 3.1 rau tus qauv traceability, lossis Hom 3.2 nrog tus neeg sab nraud thib peb-tus neeg tim khawv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv lossis loj- cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.
Kev yuav khoom meej- lus txiav txim zam ib qho laj thawj feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsis lees paub: tus neeg muag khoom xa cov khoom siv suab nrov uas tsis tau lees paub rau qhov tshwj xeeb hardness thiab ib puag ncig txwv tus neeg yuav khoom daim ntawv thov xav tau.
Vim li cas qhov teeb meem no rau Stainless Hlau thiab Nickel Alloy Manufacturers?
Vim tias kev ua raws cai tsis ua raws li qhov ua tsis tiav - thiab hauv H₂S kev pabcuam, cov khoom tawg yog qhov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb, tsis yog kev lees paub xwb.
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 qhia meej meej tsis hais txog qhov dav dav lossis hauv cheeb tsam corrosion, kev tsim kho tshuab, lossis kev tsim khoom zoo ntawm nws tus kheej - nws tsuas yog tsom rau ib puag ncig kev tawg. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias ua raws li tus qauv tsim nyog tab sis tsis txaus rau kev ua haujlwm zoo rau kev pabcuam; kev xaiv alloy tseem yuav tsum suav rau kev yaig, kev xeb dav dav, thiab kev thauj khoom txhua yam sib cais.
Cov neeg tsim khoom uas sau cov kev kuaj tawv tawv, cua sov- cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg tawm tsam cov lus raug - thiab leej twg muab ntawv pov thawj uas qhia meej txog tus qauv, ib feem, thiab tsab - muab cov pab pawg engineering thiab kev yuav khoom muaj kev tiv thaiv rau kev xaiv cov khoom, thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis lees paub lossis hauv - kev pabcuam tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog ISO 15156 nruj dua NACE MR0175?
Tsis yog. Lawv muaj tib yam kev cai. Tsis yog stricter; lub npe dual qhia txog kev tshaj tawm sib koom ua ke, tsis yog kev cai sib txawv.
Dab tsi H₂S theem ua rau NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ua raws?
Feem ntau hais txog qhov chaw pib yog H₂S ib nrab siab siab tshaj 0.3 kPa (0.05 psia) hauv cov roj theem, txawm tias HIC thiab SCC tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm kev txwv sib txawv, thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov project tshwj xeeb ib txwm ua ntej.
304 stainless hlau puas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev pabcuam qaub?
No. TP304/304L tsis tau txais raws li NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 vim tsis txaus sulfide kev nyuaj siab tawg tsis kam.
Dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hardness rau carbon steel raws li tus qauv?
Kwv yees li 22 HRC, sib npaug li kwv yees li 250 HV10 lossis 237 HBW, siv rau hauv cov hlau, vuam hlau, thiab cov cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam.
Puas yog NACE MR0175 siv rau refineries?
Feem ntau tsis muaj - qhov chaw kho kom zoo nkauj yog them los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsig txog NACE MR0103. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov roj thiab roj thiab cov cuab yeej kho roj.
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug alloy tsim nyog yog hais tias nws tsis tau teev nyob rau hauv tus qauv lub rooj?
Los ntawm kev ua tau zoo-raws li txoj hauv kev hauv Annex B, uas yuav tsum muaj kev sim kuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev pabcuam simulated los ua kom pom kev tawg.
