Incoloy 800 HTthiab Alloy 600 yog ob qho tib si hlau-nickel-chromium thiab npib tsib xee-chromium- hlau alloys nquag txiav txim siab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cua sov- kho fixtures, thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv 800-900℃ntau yam. Txawm hais tias lawv qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv ntau tshaj li ntau txhiab teev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias: ib qho yog lub hom phiaj - ua tau ntev - lub sij hawm creep zog, lwm yam rau corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv qis dua - kub tshuaj thiab nuclear kev pab cuam.
Phau ntawv qhia no piv rau lawv cov chemistry, carbide nag lossis daus tus cwj pwm, cov qauv nplej, creep- lub zog tawg, thiab oxidation / carburization tsis kam, yog li cov engineers tuaj yeem xaiv cov hlau uas yuav tuav tau ntau xyoo - kev pabcuam kev sib tw ntau dua li ua tsis tau ntxov los ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm microstructural.
Incoloy 800HT thiab Alloy 600 yog dab tsi, thiab Vim li cas Sib Piv ntawm 800-900 degree?
Incoloy 800HT (UNS N08811) yog hlau -nickel-chromium alloy tshwj xeeb tsim los rau siab- qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg, thaum Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) yog npib tsib xee -chromium{3} engineered corrosion primon {8} hlau alloy Lub hom phiaj uas dhau los ua kev txiav txim siab thaum ob qho tib si alloys tau tuav rau lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv ntawm 800-900℃.
Ob lub alloys sib koom dav dav zoo sib xws peb -cov ntsiab lus hauv paus (nickel, chromium, hlau), uas yog vim li cas lawv qee zaum muab piv rau tib lub siab - daim ntawv thov kub. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub tswv yim alloying diverges sharply. Incoloy 800HT ntxiv tswj cov pa roj carbon ntxiv rau txhuas thiab titanium, thiab qhia txog cov coarser tswj cov nplej loj, tshwj xeeb kom ua kom nkag siab ntau tshaj - tawg lub zog siab dua 700℃.
Alloy 600tau tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking and caustic cracking in nuclear steam generators and chemical processing, with elevated -temperature temperature as a Secondary consideration. Ntawm 800-900 degree, cov hom phiaj tsim qauv sib txawv no ua rau ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntev -lub sij hawm tus cwj pwm microstructural.
|
Element (wt%) |
Incoloy 800HT (UNS N08811) Cov. |
Hlau alloy 600 (UNS N06600) |
|
Nickel (Ni) |
30.0–35.0 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 72.0 |
|
Chromium (Cr) |
19.0–23.0 |
14.0–17.0 |
|
Hlau (Fe) |
Qhov nyiaj tshuav (~39–43) |
6.0–10.0 |
|
Cov pa roj carbon (C) |
0.06–0.10 |
Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.15 |
|
Aluminium + Titanium |
0.85–1.20 (ua ke) |
Tsis tau teev tseg |
|
Manganese (Mn) |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.50 |
Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1.00 |
Table 1 - Cov neeg sawv cev tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ASTM / ASME specifications (B407 / B163 rau 800HT; B166 / B168 rau Alloy 600). Txheeb xyuas cov qauv zeb tam sim no rau kev siv tsim.
Cov kev hloov Microstructural dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Alloys thaum lub sij hawm ntev -Lub sij hawm siab-Tsub raug?
Ob lub alloys dhau los nag lossis daus, qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qoob loo chemistry evolution, thiab maj mam poob ntawm chav -kub ductility thaum lub sij hawm ntev - raug rau ntawm 800-900℃, tab sis Incoloy 800HT tswj cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov nplej loj tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ua kom cov kev hloov pauv zoo, 0. uncontrolled grain qauv thiab qis carbon cov ntsiab lus ua rau tib qhov kev hloov pauv ntau dua los txo cov ductility yam tsis muaj kev pab cuam lub zog.
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, chromium sib xyaw nrog carbon los tsim chromium- nplua nuj carbides (feem ntau M23C6), uas zoo li nucleate raws cov ciam teb ua ntej. Hauv Incoloy 800HT, cov nag lossis daus carbide no txhob txwm tshaj tawm: cov hlau alloy siab dua cov ntsiab lus thiab tswj cov ntxhib nplej loj (ASTM grain loj 5 lossis coarser) txhawb nqa ib nrab-cov nplej tsis tu ncua- ciam teb carbide network uas pins grain ciam ciam thiab tiv taus cov qoob loo ciam teb} cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm {{8}.
Nyob rau hauv Alloy 600, uas tsis tau tsim los nrog lub zog no hauv lub siab, tib lub carbide nag lossis daus feem ntau ua rau cov qoob loo tsis tu ncua - ciam teb zaj duab xis yam tsis muaj qhov sib txuam ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv zos deplete chromium (sensitization) thiab txo ob qho tib si corrosion thiab creep ductility.
Carbide Precipitation sib txawv ntawm Incoloy 800HT thiab Alloy 600 li cas?
Incoloy 800HT yog tsim los tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm, tsis tu ncua cov nplej - ciam teb carbide qauv uas txhim kho kev nkag siab lub zog, thaum Alloy 600's qis dua thiab tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus tswj cov pa roj carbon monoxide ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab carbide txuas ntxiv uas txhawb nqa kev sib tsoo hauv qab - lub sij hawm thermal raug thiab kev ntxhov siab.
|
Yam ntxwv |
Incoloy 800 HT |
Alloy 600 |
|
Lub hom phiaj carbon ntau |
0.06–0.10% (tswj, nruab nrab -siab) |
Txog li 0.15% (tsis nruj tswj rau lub hom phiaj no) |
|
Nplej loj tswj |
Daim ntawv qhia coarse (ASTM 5 lossis coarser) |
Tsis tau teev rau creep optimization |
|
Carbide morphology ntawm 800-900 degree |
Discontinuous, grain - ciam teb -pinning carbides |
Nyuaj mus rau cov nplej tsis tu ncua - ciam teb carbide zaj duab xis |
|
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm metallurgical |
Siab -kub creep zog |
Corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv qis dua -kev pab kub |
Table 2 - Kev sib piv carbide nag lossis daus tus cwj pwm thiab lub hom phiaj tsim rau Incoloy 800HT thiab Alloy 600 ntawm qhov kub siab.
Cov Alloy twg muaj qhov zoo dua rau Sigma Phase thiab lwm yam embrittling Intermetallic Phase?
Tsis yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj siab rau sigma theem tsim piv nrog siab dua -chromium, molybdenum-cov kabmob superalloys, tab sis Incoloy 800HT tus qauv tsim thiab cov kev pabcuam ntev hauv 800-900℃ntau dua muab nws zoo dua -cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv rau ntau xyoo embrittling{100}{101} 600, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv luv luv tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ntsuas kub no.
Sigma theem thiab lwm yam embrittling intermetallic tsim feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv alloys nrog siab chromium ua ke nrog molybdenum, tungsten, los yog niobium cov ntsiab lus ntawm nruab nrab kub (kwv yees li 600-900 degree). Ob leeg Incoloy 800HT thiab Alloy 600 muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium me me thiab tsis pom zoo- rau- cov ntsiab lus molybdenum qis piv nrog cov alloys xws li 625 lossis superaustenitic stainless hlau, uas txwv qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm sigma theem ntawm ob qho tib si. Incoloy 800HT, txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv ethylene pyrolysis cubing tubing, catalyst baskets, thiab tshav kub- kho fixtures tshwj xeeb ntawm 800–1100 degree, muab metallurgists ib lub cev loj dua ntawm ntev - cov ntaub ntawv aging kom paub meej tias nws lub qhov rais 6 muaj ntau dua qhov ruaj khov. teev rau kev pabcuam hauv qab 650 degree.
Cov Nplej Loj thiab Cov Cim Ciaj Ciam Ua Li Cas cuam tshuam rau Ntev - Lub Sij Hawm Stability?
Incoloy 800HT qhov tshwj xeeb ntxhib grain loj ncaj qha txhim kho creep- tawg lub neej los ntawm kev txo tag nrho cov qoob loo ciam thaj tsam muaj rau cov nplej ciam zawv zawg, thaum Alloy 600's feem ntau finer, zeb-annealed grain qauv - zoo rau chav tsev-kub los ua kab mob {60} kev tiv thaiv corrosion 800-900 degree.
Creep deformation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab qis - mus rau - kev ntxhov siab nruab nrab yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov nplej ciam teb zawv zawg thiab nthuav dav raws cov ciam teb. Ib coarser grain qauv muaj proportionally tsawg dua tag nrho cov ciam teb cheeb tsam ib chav tsev ntim, uas ncaj qha slows no deformation mechanism thiab ncua sij hawm rau rupture. Incoloy 800HT's mill specification yuav tsum tau tswj cov ntxhib lis loj tshwj xeeb los siv qhov kev sib raug zoo no. Alloy 600, ua rau feem ntau rau kev siv corrosion qhov zoo grain loj txhim kho kev tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion thiab tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau yog muab nrog cov txheej txheem nplua nuj uas yog metallurgically counterproductive rau kev ua haujlwm siab -kub creep.
Cov Alloy twg muaj kev nkag tau zoo dua -Rupture Strength ntawm 800-900 degree?
Incoloy 800HT muab kev nkag siab ntau dua - tawg lub zog tshaj Alloy 600 ntawm 800-900℃, uas yog lub hauv paus yog vim li cas nws - es tsis yog Alloy 600 - yog cov txheej txheem teev alloy rau ntev - lub sij hawm structural Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv no kub ntau yam.
|
Khoom (800-900℃ntau) |
Incoloy 800 HT |
Alloy 600 |
|
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb zog mechanism |
Coarse grain + carbide/ '-pab lis ciam teb pinning |
Khoom -kev daws teeb meem nkaus xwb |
|
Lub hom phiaj tsim rau kev pabcuam creep |
Yog - lub hom phiaj- tsim thiab cai- lees paub rau qhov ntau yam no |
Tsis muaj - cov ntaub ntawv nkag tau tsawg dua hauv kev tsim alloy |
|
Kev lees paub tus lej zoo rau qib siab -kub tsim |
Cov npe nyob rau hauv ASME Tshooj I/VIII siab - qhov ntsuas kub tau tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab |
Txwv siab -cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kub tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev sib piv |
|
Feem ntau ntev - lub sijhawm siv cov qauv siv siab tshaj 800 degree |
Ethylene furnace tubes, radiant tubes, heat- kho fixtures |
Tsawg dua; Feem ntau siv hauv qab 650 degree |
Table 3 - Kev sib piv zoo ntawm creep-rupture tsim haum. Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab tiag tiag yog qhov kub thiab txias -, lub sijhawm-, thiab cov lej- tsab- tshwj xeeb; sab laj tam sim no ASME Tshooj II Ntu D lossis cov qauv tsim qauv siv rau tus lej muaj nuj nqis.
Oxidation thiab Carburization Resistance piv li cas ntawm Cov Kub Kub no?
Incoloy 800HT cov ntsiab lus chromium ntau dua ua rau nws zoo heev oxidation tsis kam ntawm 800-900℃hauv huab cua thiab me ntsis oxidizing atmospheres, thaum Alloy 600 cov ntsiab lus ntau dua nickel muab nws qhov zoo dua hauv kev ua kom muaj zog carburizing lossis txo cov cua uas qis dua cov pa roj carbon solubility thiab diffusivity nyob rau hauv siab -nickel pickup matrix.
|
Ib puag ncig |
Zoo dua -Suited Alloy |
Yog vim li cas |
|
Oxidizing cua (cua, combustion gases) |
Incoloy 800 HT |
Cov chromium siab dua (19-23%) ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua, ua raws chromia nplai |
|
Muaj zog carburizing cua (tsawg oxygen, siab carbon ua haujlwm) |
Alloy 600 |
Cov ntsiab lus nickel siab dua (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 72%) txo cov pa roj carbon solubility thiab diffusion tus nqi |
|
Cyclic siab- kev pabcuam kub nrog thermal shock |
Incoloy 800 HT |
Ntau dua creep zog thiab tswj grain loj tiv thaiv thermal qaug zog tawg |
|
Nuclear thawj / theem nrab cov dej hauv qab 650 degree |
Alloy 600 (kev siv keeb kwm; feem ntau hloov los ntawm Alloy 690 hauv cov qauv tshiab) |
Cov ntsiab lus siab nickel resists chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking |
Table 4 - Ib puag ncig-Kev sib piv tshwj xeeb ntawm Incoloy 800HT thiab Alloy 600.
Dab tsi Alloy zoo dua tiv thaiv hlau plua plav thaum kub kub?
Alloy 600 feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau cov hlau plua plav tshaj Incoloy 800HT hauv cov pa roj carbon - nplua nuj, qis- cov pa oxygen txheej txheem ib puag ncig, vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus nickel ntau dua ua rau cov pa roj carbon supersaturation uas pib hlau plua plav tawm tsam.
Hlau plua plav yog ib qho kev puas tsuaj ntawm carburization uas tshwm sim hauv cov pa roj carbon -supersaturated gas atmospheres roughly nruab nrab ntawm 400-800 degree, qhov chaw alloy nto disintegrates mus rau hauv cov hmoov av ntawm cov hlau zoo thiab carbon. Nickel muaj qis dua carbon solubility thiab diffusivity ntau dua li hlau, yog li alloys nrog ntau dua nickel cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tiv taus hlau plua plav pib zoo dua hlau- nplua nuj alloys ntawm cov ntsiab lus chromium zoo sib xws.
Vim Alloy 600 nqa ntau dua ob npaug ntawm cov nickel cov ntsiab lus ntawm Incoloy 800HT, nws feem ntau ua tau zoo dua hauv cov pa roj -reforming, syngas, thiab lwm yam carbon- kev ua haujlwm - nplua nuj txheej txheem qhov chaw uas hlau plua plav yog qhov tseem ceeb hem, txawm tias Incoloy 800HT tseem muaj zog oxidizing kev pab cuam.
Ntev npaum li cas -Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Laus Qhia Txog Kev Tsis Taus Ductility?
Ob qho alloys poob qee chav -kub ductility tom qab ntau txhiab xuab moos ntawm 800-900℃vim yog cov ciam teb carbide nag lossis daus, tab sis Incoloy 800HT's tswj carbide morphology feem ntau ua rau muaj kev kwv yees ntau dua, maj mam poob qis dua Alloy 600, uas tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb dua 5} cov yeeb yaj kiab carbide yog { tsis tu ncua.
Kev poob dej hauv lub sijhawm ntev - lub sijhawm laus feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev sib cais, tsis txuas ntxiv cov nplej- ciam teb carbides mus rau lub network txuas ntxiv carbide, uas muab txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau kev tawg paj tawg thaum cov khoom txias thiab thauj khoom ntawm chav tsev kub (piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm kaw lossis thermal voj voog). Incoloy 800HT's alloy tsim - suav nrog nws cov aluminium thiab titanium ntxiv, uas kuj tsim cov intragranular precipitates - pab sib npaug nplej- ciam teb carbide tsim tawm tsam tag nrho cov matrix ntxiv dag zog rau, ua rau ntau zam txim ntev - lub sij hawm laus tus cwj pwm. Vim tias Alloy 600's carbide nag lossis daus tsis zoo sib xws los ntawm kev tsim qauv, kev cuam tshuam ntawm 800-900℃tuaj yeem tsim cov qoob loo txuas ntxiv - ciam teb carbide network thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug hauv chav tsev -kub ductility dhau ntawm kev pabcuam ntev.
Yam khoom twg yuav tsum tau xaiv rau qhov tshwj xeeb siab -Tsuas siv?
Incoloy 800HT yuav tsum yog lub neej ntawd xaiv rau ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm 800-900℃hauv oxidizing cua, thaum Alloy 600 tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua qhov uas carburization lossis hlau plua plav tsis kam yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis ua haujlwm, lossis qhov twg cov khoom siv kuj yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau chloride- ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Ethylene pyrolysis furnace tubes, catalyst txhawb pob tawb, thiab radiant tube hangers: Incoloy 800HT - creep zog thiab oxidation kuj yog cov cai tswj.
Thaum tshav kub kub- kho fixtures, muffles, thiab retorts ua hauj lwm tsis tu ncua saum 800 degree: Incoloy 800HT - ntev- lub sij hawm seem stability nyob rau hauv load yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Syngas, hydrogen hloov kho, thiab lwm cov pa roj carbon - kev ua haujlwm - cov txheej txheem nplua nuj hauv qab kwv yees li 800℃: Alloy 600 - hlau plua plav thiab carburization kuj yog cov kev cai tswj hwm.
Cheebtsam uas voj voog ntawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias qhov kev pab cuam thiab qis dua -kub aqueous los yog chloride- kabmob raug: Alloy 600 - ua ke siab - kub thiab chloride SCC kuj yuav xav tau, tab sis Alloy 690 yog tam sim no feem ntau nyiam rau cov qauv tshiab uas xav tau ob qho tib si.
Mixed-ib puag ncig daim ntawv thov: sab laj txog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb roj muaj pes tsawg leeg, theem kev ntxhov siab, thiab tsim lub neej tsim nyog, txij li kev xaiv cov hlau alloy ntawm 800-900℃yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm kev tswj hwm tsis ua haujlwm, tsis yog kub ib leeg.
Cov lus nug nquag
Alloy 600 tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob luv luv - lub sij hawm raug ntawm 900℃, tab sis kom tas mus li, thauj khoom - kev pabcuam ntau dua txhiab teev, Incoloy 800HT yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua vim tias nws tswj cov qoob loo loj thiab carbide / gamma - primer zog muab kev nkag siab ntau dua - rupture ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Vim li cas Incoloy 800HT qhia txog qhov hnyav hnyav thaum cov nplej nplua nuj feem ntau txhim kho lub zog?
Cov nplej zoo txhim kho lub zog ntawm chav tsev kub thiab qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev txav mus los, tab sis thaum kub siab lawv ua rau tag nrho cov qoob loo ciam teb muaj rau cov qoob loo ciam teb zawv zawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws deformation mechanism saum toj no roughly 0.5 npaug ntawm alloy lub melting point; ib coarser grain qauv txo cov nyhuv no thiab txhim kho creep-rupture life.
Puas yog Alloy 600 corrosion resistant dua Incoloy 800HT tag nrho?
Alloy 600 feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg thiab hlau plua plav vim nws cov ntsiab lus nickel ntau dua, thaum Incoloy 800HT muaj cov oxidation zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub thiab combustion gas ib puag ncig vim nws cov ntsiab lus chromium siab dua, yog li cov lus teb nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb corrosive ib puag ncig es tsis yog ib qho alloy ua universally ntau corrosion resistant.
Puas yog lub sijhawm ntev - raug rau ntawm 800-900℃ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb siv tom qab hauv chav sov?
Ob lub alloys khaws cov chav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo -kub ductility tom qab ntev - lub sij hawm siab - kub raug, txawm tias qee qhov yuav tsum tau txo qis thiab suav rau hauv kev tsim; cov khoom raug tshem tawm los ntawm qhov ntev - lub sij hawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thiab, nyob qhov twg yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov cai siv, soj ntsuam xyuas kom muaj zog ntxiv rau kev pab cuam ua ntej rov qab siv.
Dab tsi alloy yog dav siv rau ethylene cracking rauv tubes?
Incoloy 800HT thiab nws cov cam khwb cia hlau (xws li HP- hloov kho alloys) yog ntau dua rau ethylene pyrolysis rauv tubing dua Alloy 600, vim hais tias cov hlab yog load-cov kabmob siab ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias qhov twg nkag- tawg lub zog tswj lub neej tsim.
