Incoloy 800 nyob rau hauv Chav Methane Reforming: Qhov hluav taws xob Manifold thiab Hloov Cov Khoom Xaiv

Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810)thiab, siab dua li 650℃, Incoloy 800HT (UNS N08811) yog kev lag luam -cov ntaub ntawv txheem wrought rau chav methane reformer (SMR) qhov hluav taws xob manifolds thiab hloov kab. Lawv muab cov siab -kub creep zog, carburization tsis kam, thiab weldability xav tau rau 800-950℃H2-nplua nuj txo cov roj ntawm 15-40 bar - kev ua tau zoo uas 304H / 316H stainless hlau tsis tuaj yeem sib xws, ntawm ib feem ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov cam khwb cia superalloys.

Incoloy 800 in Steam Methane Reforming

Hauv ib kab lus: qhia 800HT (N08811) rau qhov kub tshaj plaws manifold thiab hloov chaw- kab zones, 800H (N08810) qhov twg cov hlau kub nyob qis dua li 650℃, thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab tso cai tawm tsam tam sim no ASME Tshooj II -D ua ntej ua tiav phab ntsa thickness.

Lub qhov hluav taws xob manifold thiab hloov kab yog qhov kub tshaj plaws, siab tshaj - nkag - cov kav dej txaus ntshai hauv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag hydrogen; xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm alloy ntawm no ua rau tsis muaj kev npaj kaw uas raug nqi ntau dua li cov khoom txuag.

Hauv chav methane hloov pauv, cov pa roj ntsha ntuj (CH4) reacts nrog cov nickel catalyst nyob rau hauv txoj kab rov tav ntsug ntawm 800-1000 degree:

CH4 + H2O → 3H2 + CO (endothermic, cua sov los ntawm lub qhov cub)
Cov pa roj reacted - nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hydrogen (kwv yees li 70-}75 feem pua), carbon monoxide (10-15%), CO2, chav, thiab seem methane - tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha, sau rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob manifold ('header'), thiab ntws los ntawm cov kab hloov mus rau cov khib nyiab hloov pauv.

Vim li cas xaiv cov khoom tseem ceeb:

Thaum tshav kub kub heev: Hlau kub ncav cuag 800-950℃- ib tug ntau yam uas zoo tib yam stainless hlau creeps thiab tsis nyob rau hauv lub hlis.
Aggressive chemistry: Cov roj yog txo thiab H2-nplua nuj nrog cov pa roj carbon ntau, yog li carburization thiab hlau plua plav tawm tsam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hlau.
Siab + creep: Cov khoom no muaj tag nrho cov txheej txheem siab (15-40 bar) thaum kub kub; manifold rupture txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov nroj tsuag kaw.
Complex geometry: Ib qho kev hloov kho ib leeg tuaj yeem muaj 100+ cov raj pub rau ib qho manifold, yog li lub header pom cov thermal stresses ntawm txhua ceg weld.

Incoloy 800 yog tus qauv vim nws kwv yees li 32 feem pua nickel ntxiv rau 21 feem pua chromium tshuav nyiaj li cas muab kev ruaj ntseg austenitic, creep zog, thiab carburization / oxidation kuj ua ke nrog zoo fabricability - ib tug ua ke tsis muaj 300-series stainless hlau los yog low-alloy steel muab ntawm 900 degree.

Plaub qhov laj thawj ntawm lub cev piav qhia qhov kev xaiv:

Why is Incoloy 800 the standard material for SMR outlet manifolds and transfer lines

Cov pa roj carbon diffuses maj mam nyob rau hauv npib tsib xee- nplua nuj alloys, thiab cov ntsiab lus Ni siab ua kom lub microstructure tag nrho austenitic. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias cov pa roj carbon monoxide nkag mus tau qeeb, thiab cov hlau tsis tsim cov nkig sigma theem qis dua -nickel stainless hlau ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev ze 600-900℃.

Txog 21 feem pua Cr tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov, ua raws Cr2O3 nplai uas tiv thaiv oxidation thiab qeeb carburization. Qhov no yog vim li cas 800H / 800HT muaj sia nyob ntau xyoo qhov twg 304H yuav nrawm nrawm thiab embrittle.

Ntxiv me me ntawm txhuas thiab titanium precipitate nplua Ni3 (Al, Ti) 'gamma prime' hais tias pin lis ciam teb thiab tiv thaiv creep. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 800 (kev siv dav dav) thiab 800H / 800HT (siab- qib ntsuas kub).

Tsis zoo li cam khwb cia reformer tubes (HK-40, HP-hloov), Incoloy 800 yog tsim los ua seamless yeeb nkab, phaj, forgings, thiab fittings uas yuav fabricated rau hauv complex manifolds thiab teb-welded - qhov tseem ceeb rau ib tug header nrog kaum ob ceg sib txuas.

Qhia meej 800HT (UNS N08811) rau qhov kub tshaj plaws manifold thiab hloov chaw- kab (hlau kub siab tshaj li 650 degree); 800H (UNS N08810) tau txais qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub SMR feem ntau ua qauv ntawm 800HT rau qhov sib xws thiab lub neej ntev tshaj plaws.

Kev taw qhia tswv yim: vim hais tias 800HT tsuas yog kim kim tab sis tseem ceeb dua creep- tiv taus siab tshaj 650 degree, ntau EPCs tam sim no hu tawm N08811 rau tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob manifold thiab hloov kab kom tsis txhob muaj qib sib xyaw thiab ua kom yooj yim QA.

Tsim cov kub kub rau kev hloov kho qhov hluav taws xob manifolds thiab hloov kab ib txwm poob rau hauv 800-950℃band ntawm 15-40 bar; tus tsim yog creep-tswj, yog li phab ntsa thickness yog teem los ntawm kev cia siab rau ntawm lub ncov kub, tsis yog los ntawm lub siab ib leeg.

Nco tseg: vim tias tus qauv tsim yog creep- txwv, 30-50℃nce hauv kev ua haujlwm kub tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ib nrab thiab yuam kom cov phab ntsa tuab dua lossis qib qib qib. Kev ntsuas kub kom raug thaum lub sij hawm FEED yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Incoloy 800 resists carburization los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus siab nickel (slow carbon diffusion) thiab tiv thaiv chromium oxide nplai, thiab nws ua tau zoo tiv thaiv hlau plua plav ntawm 800-950℃manifold kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam; supplemental aluminized los yog Cr-C overlay coatings tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam cyclic hnyav tshaj plaws.

How does Incoloy 800 resist carburization and metal dusting in reformer gas

Carburization mechanism: nyob rau hauv kev txo qis, H2-nplua nuj roj cov pa roj carbon kev ua si ntawm cov hlau nto tsav carbon inward, tsim chromium carbides uas deplete lub matrix ntawm chromium thiab embrittle ib feem. Ob yam ntawm 800H / 800HT sib ntaus qhov no:
High Ni: Nickel saum toj no ~ 30 feem pua txo qis cov pa roj carbon solubility thiab diffusion tus nqi, qeeb carburization sab hauv.
High Cr: 21 feem pua Cr hloov kho qhov ntsuas tiv thaiv sai dua li cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem nkag mus.
Hlau plua plav (kev puas tsuaj carburization ntawm kwv yees li 400 thiab 800 degree) tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj li ntawm 800℃vim tias cov oxide tiv thaiv ruaj khov dua; Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ceg txias dua thiab siv cov thermal-paj aluminium (PTA Al) txheej qhov twg cyclic txias tshwm sim.

Incoloy 800HT khaws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo - tawg lub zog mus txog 950℃; tus neeg sawv cev ASME Tshooj II-D tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab yog li 40{11}}55 MPa ntawm 800℃, 20-30 MPa ntawm 900℃, thiab 12-18 MPa ntawm 950℃rau 800HT - ib txwm lees paub qhov tseeb tsab cai rau koj tsim.

Cov txiaj ntsig no yog cov kev kwv yees engineering uas tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm ib txwm ASME II-D thiab NIMS cov ntaub ntawv nkag; lawv yog npaj rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xwb. Qhov kawg phab ntsa tuab yuav tsum siv ASME tsab tam sim no thiab lub neej tsim tiag tiag (feem ntau 100,000-200,000 teev).

Cam khwb cia HK-40 thiab HP- hloov kho alloys yog siv rau cov hlab hloov kho lawv tus kheej (centrifugal cam khwb cia, siab dua creep zog ntawm qhov kub tshaj plaws), tab sis lub qhov hluav taws xob manifold thiab hloov kab yog yuav luag ib txwm wrought Incoloy 800H / 800HT vim tsuas yog ib tug wrought, weldable alloy yuav tsum fabricated {5ch} thiab rewelbrand rau hauv ib tug multivarka.

Kev txiav txim siab txoj cai: siv cam khwb cia HP- hloov kho rau cov catalyst raj uas qhov siab tshaj plaws creep zog ua kom pom tseeb tus nqi thiab cam khwb cia daim ntawv; siv wrought 800HT rau txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau welded rau hauv ib qho manifold lossis hloov kab.

Tsis yog . 304H thiab 316H tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus nickel thiab creep zog rau 800-950℃H2-nplua nuj kev pab cuam; Lawv raug kev txom nyem sai carburization, sigma-theem embrittlement, thiab creep rupture, yog li ntawd lawv raug kaw nyob rau hauv txias downstream seem (hauv qab li ntawm 550-600 degree).

Ib qho yuam kev feem ntau yog qhia 316H rau 'cov nqi txuag' ntawm txoj kab hloov chaw uas tom qab ntawd kub dua li qhov xav tau. Kev hloov pauv tus nqi dwarfs cov khoom txuag ntau zaus dhau.

Weld 800H / 800HT nrog npib tsib xee- puag muab tub lim (feem ntau ERNiCr-3 / ENiCrFe-3, los yog ERNiCrCoMo-1 rau qhov kub siab tshaj plaws), tswj kev sib cuam tshuam qhov kub thiab txias, tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntev nyob rau hauv 600-900℃sigma qhov rais, IX.PS kom zoo

What welding and fabrication practices are required for Incoloy 800 manifolds

Cov cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom:

Filler hlau: AWS A5.14 ERNiCr-3 (UNS N06600) los yog A5.11 ENiCrFe-3 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo; rau cov pob qij txha xav tau siab tshaj 950℃qee qhov tshwj xeeb nyiam ERNiCrCoMo-1 (UNS N06617).
Interpass kub: Khaws hauv qab li 150℃kom tsis txhob hnov qab thiab nplej - ciam teb nag lossis daus.
PWHT: 800H/800HT feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj -annealed mob; post-weld kev kho cua sov feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau thiab tuaj yeem txo qis lub neej yog tias nws nyob hauv qhov 600-900℃ntau. Yog tias muaj kev txwv kev ntxhov siab, siv tag nrho re- kev daws teeb meem, tsis yog qhov kub thiab txias PWHT.
Cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb: Cov ceg sib txuas ntawm cov manifold yog qhov siab tshaj plaws - vuam vuam; siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, 100 feem pua PT / RT ntawm cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb, thiab PMI pov thawj ntawm ob lub hauv paus thiab muab tub lim.
Ua raws HT: Sib piv cov forging / raj cua sov- kev kho mob thoob plaws lub rooj sib txoos kom ua kom tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.

Cov hom tsis ua hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog creep rupture, carburization embrittlement, thermal- qaug zog tawg ntawm ceg welds, thiab fabrication defects; tag nrho yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev xaiv qib raug, txheeb xyuas qhov kev ntxhov siab, tswj vuam, thiab tshuaj xyuas.

Tau txais ASTM / ASME cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv (B407 yeeb nkab, B408 bar, B409 phaj, B163 raj, B564 forgings, B366 fittings) thiab tsim rau ASME Tshooj VIII / B31.3 nrog kev tso cai los ntawm ASME Tshooj II-D; siv API 571 thiab API 941 rau kev puas tsuaj.

Qhov loj ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm txoj cai siv ASME II-D tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau, tom qab ntawd lees paub cov qib xaiv (800H vs 800HT) los ntawm seb qhov kub siab tshaj li 650℃; ntxiv kev tiv thaiv corrosion/ yaig thiab tshuaj xyuas tiv thaiv creep- lub hom phiaj lub neej.

Kev ua haujlwm 6-kauj ruam xaiv ua haujlwm:

1. Daim ntawv qhia qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov manifold thiab hloov chaw -kab ntu (FEA lossis ntsuas).
2. Yog T> 650 degree, siv 800HT (N08811); Yog tias qis dua, 800H (N08810) tau txais.
3. Nyeem kev ntxhov siab ntawm T los ntawm tam sim no ASME II-D rau qib xaiv.
4. xam qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa t=P * D / (2 * (S * E + P * Y)) rau ASME B31.3, ntxiv nyiaj pub dawb.
5. Tshawb xyuas 100,000-200,000 h creep- kev puas tsuaj txaus, tsis yog kev ntxhov siab luv luv xwb.
6. Tsim nyog WPS nrog npib tsib xee- puag muab tub lim; npaj 100 feem pua NDE ntawm cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb.

Ib tug tub lag luam hydrogen cog uas thawj zaug khiav ib qho 800H qhov hluav taws xob manifold nrog cov ceg nquag -weld leaks ntawm 910℃hloov kev tsim kho tshiab rau 800HT (N08811) nrog ERNiCr-3 welds thiab 100 feem pua txoj kev kuaj hluav taws xob, txiav cov phiaj xwm tsis tau npaj zero zero downtime rau 6 xyoo.

Qhov xwm txheej: cov nroj tsuag thawj 800H header ua haujlwm ze rau saum nws lub qhov rais creep; thermal cycling ntawm lub raj- mus rau- cov ceg ntoo manifold ua rau qaug zog tawg txhua 18 -24 lub hlis. Kev daws: txhim kho kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau 800HT, nruj Al + Ti cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, rov tsim nyog vuam nrog kev tswj kev cuam tshuam<150°C, and apply aluminized coating on the cooler transition cones. Result: no manifold-related forced outage in the following 6 years, with inspection showing <0.2 mm uniform carburization.

800HT (N08811) yog qhov zoo dua qhov uas cov hlau kub tshaj li ntawm 650 degree, uas npog lub qhov hluav taws xob manifold thiab kub hloov kab . 800H (N08810) yog siv tau rau kev hloov pauv txias dua- kab. Cov nroj tsuag tshiab feem ntau ua qauv ntawm 800HT rau kev yooj yim thiab lub neej ntev tshaj plaws.

Tsis yog. Ntawm 800-950℃hauv H2-nplua nuj roj, 304H/316H carburize, tsim nkig theem, thiab creep-rupture nyob rau hauv lub hlis. Tus nqi hluav taws xob tsis ua hauj lwm deb tshaj li cov khoom txuag. Siv lawv tsuas yog qis dua 550-600 degree.

Feem ntau ERNiCr-3 (UNS N06600) lossis ENiCrFe-3, nrog ERNiCrCoMo-1 (N06617) nyiam rau cov pob qij txha kub tshaj plaws. Ua raws li WPS rau ASME Tshooj IX thiab khaws kev sib tshuam hauv qab li 150 degree.

Feem ntau tsis muaj . 800H/800HT siv cov tshuaj-annealed; qis -kub PWHT nyob rau hauv 600-900℃ntau yam tuaj yeem txo qis txoj sia. Yog hais tias kev txo kev ntxhov siab raug yuam, ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem tag nrho.

Tsim kom raug thiab welded 800HT qhov hluav taws xob manifolds feem ntau xa 10-20 xyoo (100,000-200,000 teev) hauv SMR kev pabcuam, nrog lub neej teeb tsa los ntawm creep thiab carburization ntawm lub ncov kub.

Wrought 800HT feem ntau tsis tshua kim ib kilogram dua li centrifugal - nrum HP- hloov kho superalloy, thiab nws cov weldability tsis txhob raug nqi cam khwb cia- mus rau -wrought transitions. Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm ib qho 800HT manifold feem ntau qis dua ib qho tag nrho - nrum lwm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas kub.

SMR qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob yog dab tsi thiab cov kab hloov pauv, thiab vim li cas cov khoom siv xaiv txiav txim siab cog sijhawm?

Vim li cas Incoloy 800 yog cov khoom siv rau SMR qhov hluav taws xob manifolds thiab hloov kab?

Incoloy 800H vs 800HT: qib twg koj yuav tsum qhia rau kev hloov kho qhov hluav taws xob?

Dab tsi yog qhov tsim qauv kub thiab qhov siab ntawm SMR hloov kab?

Incoloy 800 tiv thaiv carburization thiab hlau plua plav hauv cov roj reformer li cas?

Dab tsi yog qhov creep thiab kev ntxhov siab - tawg cov khoom ntawm Incoloy 800H / 800HT ntawm 800-950℃?

Incoloy 800 piv li cas nrog cast HP- hloov kho thiab HK-40 rau qhov kev pabcuam no?

Stainless hlau xws li 304H lossis 316H puas tuaj yeem siv rau SMR hloov kab?

Yuav ua li cas vuam thiab fabrication xyaum yuav tsum tau rau Incoloy 800 manifolds?

Dab tsi yog hom kev ua tsis tiav hauv SMR qhov hluav taws xob manifolds thiab cov kab hloov pauv, thiab koj yuav tiv thaiv lawv li cas?

Qhov twg ASTM, ASME, thiab cov qauv kev lag luam siv rau Incoloy 800 SMR cov khoom?

Yuav ua li cas koj loj phab ntsa thickness thiab xaiv cov qib rau ib tug SMR hloov kab?

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm: 800HT kev hloov kho dua tshiab tshem tawm cov dej ntws rov qab ntawm 50,000 Nm3 / h hydrogen cog

Cov lus nug nquag