Taw qhia
Nickel alloy weld overlay tiv thaiv lub siab ciam teb ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab qis - alloy steel Cheebtsam los ntawm corrosion, tsis muaj nqi ntawm lub tsev tag nrho ntawm cov khoom Inconel los yog Hastelloy phaj. Lub overlay tsuas yog ua haujlwm yog tias ob yam tshwm sim ib zaug: qhov kev tso tawm yuav tsum tau nqis mus sai txaus kom muaj kev lag luam, thiab nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm kom txaus rau cov hlau muab tub lim - tsis yog lub hauv paus steel - kom xa cov corrosion kuj tsim hu rau. Ob lub hom phiaj no ib txwm sib ntaus sib tua. Kub hlau roj tungsten arc vuam (GTAW-HW) yog cov txheej txheem tsim tshwj xeeb los nres qhov kev sib ntaus.
Kab lus no piv cov hlau kub GTAW tawm tsam lwm cov txheej txheem siv rau nickel alloy cladding - txias-wire GTAW, GMAW, submerged arc strip (SAW-strip), plasma transfer arc (PTA), thiab laser kub xaim - ntawm deposition npaum li cas thiab dilution, thiab lays cov txheej txheem, kev tswj kom zoo, thiab parameter. GTAW-HW overlay txheej txheem.
Dab tsi yog Kub Hlau GTAW, thiab Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb rau Nickel Alloy Cladding?
Cov hlau kub GTAW ntxiv qhov thib ob lub zog hluav taws xob uas tiv thaiv cov xaim xaim xaim mus rau ze nws qhov chaw melting ua ntej nws mus txog qhov arc, yog li lub tungsten arc tsis tas yuav muab tag nrho lub zog xav tau los yaj lub muab tub lim. Qhov kev sib cais ntawm "heat hlau" los ntawm "heat lub hauv paus hlau" yog dab tsi cia GTAW-HW nce deposition tus nqi yam tsis muaj raising dilution.
Hauv cov pa txias -wire GTAW, tungsten arc ua ob txoj haujlwm ib txhij: nws melts lub hauv paus hlau los ua lub pas dej ua ke, thiab nws melts cov xaim xaim pub rau hauv lub pas dej. Vim hais tias ob qho tib si kos los ntawm tib lub zog arc, thawb ntau ntxiv los ntawm arc kom nce qhov kev tso nyiaj kuj nce lub zog arc thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm xav tau los yaj nws - uas ua rau lub hauv paus hlau melting thiab yog li ntawd dilution.
Cov hlau kub GTAW tawg qhov sib txuas. Ib qho kev sib cais, hluav taws xob cais hluav taws xob hla tam sim no los ntawm cov xaim muab tub lim nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev sib cuag thiab lub pas dej sib txuas, tiv taus cua sov kom ze rau - kub kub ua ntej nws mus txog qhov arc. Lub tungsten arc txoj hauj lwm shrinks kom tiav cov yaj thiab tswj kev nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau, thaum cov hlau preheat circuit - tsis yog arc - khoom siv feem ntau ntawm lub zog xav tau los yaj cov muab tub lim.
Tus nqi deposition yog tsim los ntawm cov xaim pub ceev thiab preheat tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm arc tam sim no.
Base hlau nkag mus (thiab yog li ntawd dilution) yog teem los ntawm arc tam sim no thiab mus ncig teb chaws ceev, ntau ywj siab ntawm deposition tus nqi.
Ob qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem hloov kho sib cais - qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm GTAW-HW ua tiav cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm dilution.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Kub Hlau GTAW nce tus nqi tso nyiaj ntau dua li qhov txias txias -Wire GTAW?
Preheating cov hlau cia nws yaj mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke thaum nws tuaj txog es tsis txhob kos lub zog melting ntawm lub arc, uas yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv GTAW-HW deposition rates khiav roughly ob mus rau peb zaug siab tshaj qhov txias-wire GTAW ntawm deposition nqi ntawm txog 1-12 lb/hr, tsis muaj zog arc los yog dilution.
Nyob rau hauv txias -hlau GTAW, cov hlau nkag mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke ntawm chav tsev kub thiab lub arc yuav tsum muab tag nrho cov latent cua sov thiab sensible cua sov kom yaj nws - ib tug txwv nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li cas hlau yuav muab ntxiv rau ib chav tsev lub sij hawm ua ntej tus txheej txheem pib stubbing, spattering, los yog pob nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm hlau. Preheating cov hlau resistively tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob ua ntej cov xaim tuaj txog, yog li cov xaim pub nrawm dua tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntawm tib qhov chaw arc.
Kev lag luam qhov chaw qhia GTAW-HW deposition tus nqi spanning roughly 1 mus rau 12 lb/hr nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla, preheat tam sim no, thiab sib koom los yog overlay geometry, nrog productivity nce feem ntau hais txog ntawm ob mus rau peb zaug piv rau txias-wire GTAW teeb rau tib yam weld zoo. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas GTAW-HW feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov qis -deposition txias-wire GTAW/orbital GTAW thiab siab dua -deposition tab sis siab dua- cov txheej txheem dilution xws li GMAW thiab SAW{10}} strip.
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Hloov pauv |
Txias-Wire GTAW |
Hot Wire GTAW (GTAW{0}}HW) |
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Hlau melting zog qhov chaw |
Arc nkaus xwb |
Resistive preheat + arc |
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Hom deposition tus nqi |
Kwv yees li 1-3 lb / h |
Kwv yees li 1-12 lb / hr (2-3x txias xaim ntawm qhov sib piv) |
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Coupling ntawm deposition tus nqi rau dilution |
Tightly ua ke - ntau muab tub lim xav tau ntau zog arc |
Loj decoupled - hlau pub thiab arc tam sim no tu nws tus kheej |
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Tej yam siv |
Nyias ib leeg - dhau overlay, tube ID, precision kho |
Ntau lawm overlay qhov twg tus nqi thiab dilution teeb meem |
Qhov chaw: Tus Fabricator, "Yuav GTAW kub-wire mus mainstream?"; Fit-Weld, "High-Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub Hlau GTAW TIG Cladding Systems."
Yuav Ua Li Cas Kub Hlau GTAW Tswj Dilution zoo dua li lwm cov txheej txheem Cladding?
Cov hlau kub GTAW tuav cov dilution nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 3-8% ntau yam hauv kev xyaum ntau lawm, uas zaum hauv qab GMAW thiab SAW-strip (feem ntau 15-30%) thiab yog kev sib tw nrog - tab sis feem ntau siab dua - laser kub hlau cladding (kwv yees 5-} 10%), ua-Hrc ib txheej txheej dilution hauv qab 5.0% nto hlau txwv yuav tsum tau.
Dilution yog ib feem ntawm cov tiav weld deposit uas los ntawm melted puag hlau es tsis muab cov hlau. Rau cov nickel alloy overlay ntawm cov pa roj carbon lossis qis - alloy steel, dilution tseem ceeb vim cov hlau khaws los ntawm lub hauv paus hlau degrades corrosion kuj lub overlay yog muaj los muab - feem ntau nickel alloy overlay specifications cap nto hlau cov ntsiab lus ntawm 5.0 wt% rau raws nraim qhov no, thiab dav arc - txheej txheem dilution tuaj yeem khiav deb tshaj li ib txheej.
Vim tias GTAW lub arc yog qhov qis tshaj - zog, feem ntau spatially tswj tau ntawm cov txheej txheem arc cladding loj, nws yeej ib txwm ua qhov qis tshaj dilution ntawm tsev neeg arc - kev lag luam -tawm keeb kwm yog nws qhov qis deposition npaum li cas. GTAW-HW khaws qhov qis qis- tus cwj pwm dilution thaum kaw ntau qhov kev tso tawm- tus nqi sib txawv, uas yog lub hauv paus rau nws xaiv qhov twg ob qho tib si hloov pauv tau txwv.
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Txheej txheem |
Hom Dilution |
Hom Deposition Rate |
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau Nickel Alloy Cladding |
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SMAW (zeeg) |
15-25%+ |
Tsawg |
Kev kho thaj chaw, thaj chaw me me, txhua yam - txoj haujlwm nkag |
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Txias-Wire GTAW |
3-10% |
Tsawg heev (~ 1-3 lb / h) |
Nyias, precision, los yog raj -ID overlay |
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Hot Wire GTAW (GTAW{0}}HW) |
~3-8% |
Nruab nrab-siab (~1-12 lb/hr) |
Ntau lawm overlay xav tau tsawg dilution ntawm tus nqi siab dua |
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Pulsed GMAW |
10-20% |
Nruab nrab - siab |
Nruab nrab- cheeb tsam overlay, complex geometry |
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SAW-Strip |
15-30% |
Siab |
Loj tiaj tiaj / nkhaus, cov hlab ntsha thiab lub taub hau |
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Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) |
5-15% |
Nruab nrab |
Valve rooj zaum, precision hardfacing thiab overlay |
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Laser Kub Hlau |
~5-10% |
High (2-3x GTAW) |
High-cov khoom muaj nqis, nyias nyias- cov txheej txheem dilution, kho |
Qhov chaw: Lincoln Electric, "Laser Kub Hlau Cladding"; Vuam Fabrication Ntiaj Teb, "Weld Overlay/Cladding - Hom, Txheej Txheem & ASME Requirements"; ScienceDirect, "Weld claddings ntawm Hastelloy C276 siv GTAW txias xaim pub txheej txheem." Ranges yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm thiab chaw kuaj mob; tsim nyog tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev xeem tsim nyog raws li txoj cai siv.
Dab tsi txheej txheem Parameters tiag tswj tus nqi Deposition / Dilution Balance?
Plaub qhov tsis ua haujlwm yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm: arc tam sim no teeb tsa kev nkag mus thiab dilution, xaim pub ceev thiab preheat tam sim no cov nyiaj tso tawm tus nqi feem ntau ywj siab ntawm arc, thiab kev mus ncig ceev teeb cov hlaws sib tshooj thiab txheej txheej - tsim nyog GTAW-HW txheej txheem tunes tag nrho plaub ua ke es tsis kho ib qho ntawm tag nrho cov dab neeg.
Arc tam sim no
Arc tam sim no yog thawj tsav tsheb ntawm lub hauv paus hlau melting. Higher arc tam sim no widens thiab deepens lub weld pas dej ua ke, rub nyob rau hauv ntau lub hauv paus hlau thiab raising dilution - ntaub ntawv hlaws dai- ntawm- phaj kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Inconel 625 kub- hlau GTAW overlay ntawm 2.25Cr-1Mo steel qhia dilution-cov hlaws loj tam sim no, cov hlaws dav dav 125 A txog 200 A. Arc tam sim no tau tuav kom tsawg li qhov arc tuaj yeem ruaj khov thaum tseem ua tiav fusion.
Hlau pub ceev thiab preheat tam sim no
Hlau pub ceev teev ntau npaum li cas muab tub lim hlau nkag mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke ib lub sij hawm; preheat tam sim no teev ze li cas rau melting uas xaim twb yog thaum nws tuaj txog. Kev tsa ob qho tib si ua rau nce qhov tso nyiaj ntxiv nrog tsuas yog qhov cuam tshuam thib ob ntawm arc tus kheej lub zog sib npaug - qhov no yog lub tshuab ua kom GTAW-HW ntxiv muab tub lim sai dua yam tsis tau rub ntau lub tshav kub ntawm lub arc rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau.
Taug kev ceev thiab hlaws sib tshooj
Kev khiav ceev tswj ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub pas dej ua ke ua ntej dhau mus, uas teev cov hlaws sib tshooj thiab kev pab them nqi. Kev mus qeeb qeeb ua rau cov cua sov nkag mus rau ib chav tsev ntev thiab tuaj yeem nce dilution txawm nyob rau qhov tam sim no, yog li kev mus ncig ceev tau tsim nyog ua ke nrog tam sim no es tsis yog kho nws tus kheej ntawm lub khw hauv pem teb.
Preheat / interpass kub thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg
Vim hais tias ib zaug - txheej dilution hauv qab li 5% yog ib qho nyuaj rau lav ntawm fusion kab tsis hais txog ntawm cov txheej txheem, feem ntau specifications yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob - txheej txheej, nrog thawj txheej kho raws li ib tug tsis thiab chemistry tsim nyog ntawm ib tug sampling qhov tob ntsuas rov qab los ntawm fusion kab - feem ntau 3 hli tshaj thickness 3 hli. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias kuj tseem txwv cov cua sov sib sau thoob plaws, uas pab tuav cov dilution zoo ib yam los ntawm cov hauv paus hla dhau los ntawm lub hau txheej.
Dab tsi Vuam Currents Ua Tau Txais Dilution rau Inconel 625 Cladding ntawm Hlau?
Tshaj tawm hlaws-ntawm- phaj kev sim ntawm Inconel 625 kub-hlau GTAW overlay ntawm 2.25Cr-1Mo steel qhia dilution thiab hardness ob qho tib si nce nrog arc tam sim no thoob plaws 125-200 A ntau yam, yog li feem ntau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau Inconel 625 cov khoom siv qis dua ntawm cov khoom siv qis dua ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo txheej los nqa nto chemistry tus so ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub nominal Inconel 625 muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Tib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom qhov siab tshaj plaws weld hlau hardness tshwm sim ntawm 150 A ntawm plaub qhov kev sim tam sim no (125, 150, 175, thiab 200 A), nrog rau dendritic austenitic microstructure thoob plaws qhov ntau thiab dilution, hlaws dav, thiab tshav kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam loj tag nrho cov kev nce siab raws li tam sim no nce. Cov tswv yim coj mus rau txoj kev txhim kho yog tias tam sim no tsis yog qhov hloov pauv dawb rau kev tsim khoom ib leeg - txhua qhov kev nce ntxiv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov kev txhim kho corrosion-txheej txheem chemistry thiab hardness txwv nyob rau hauv kev tswj specification, tsis yog tawm tsam kev nkag mus thiab tsos.
Rau qaub- cov khoom siv pabcuam, hardness yog ib qho kev txwv nyuaj, tsis yog qhov qhia tau zoo: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-raws li overlay feem ntau capped ntawm 248 HV10 hauv cov pa roj carbon / low-alloy steel HAZ thiab 345 HV10 hauv Inconel 625 qhov kev ntsuas ntawm ntau qhov chaw.
Cov Cai Li Cas thiab Cov Qauv Cai Uas Tswj Cov Hlau Kub GTAW Cladding Tsim Nyog thiab Txais?
A GTAW-HW nickel alloy overlay txheej txheem yog tsim nyog raws li ASME Tshooj IX (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab kev kuaj tshuab / tshuaj lom neeg), siv rau hauv ASME Section VIII Division 1 Appendix F rau clad siab hlab ntsha, thiab - rau oilfield thiab qaub- cov cuab yeej pabcuam {{4}5}, NACE, API 6 MR0175 / ISO 15156 cov kev cai ntawm cov hlau dilution chav kawm thiab hardness
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Txuj |
Dab tsi Nws kav rau Overlay / Cladding |
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ASME Section IX (QW-216, QW-453) |
Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem weld overlay; mechanical, NDE, thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg xeem cov cai rau PQR |
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ASME Seem VIII Div. 1, Appendix F |
Tsim thiab fabrication yuav tsum tau rau clad siab hlab ntsha, nrog rau weld overlay cladding |
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API 582 Cov |
Vuam cov txheej txheem rau overlay / cladding nyob rau hauv tshuaj, roj, thiab roj cog khoom |
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API 6A |
Wellhead thiab Christmas tsob ntoo khoom; txhais cov chav kawm hlau dilution (piv txwv li, Fe10=10.0% max hlau) rau CRA overlay |
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NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 |
Kev pabcuam qaub; hardness txwv ntawm lub hauv paus hlau HAZ thiab CRA overlay |
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ASTM A380 / A967 Cov Lus Qhia |
Tshaj tawm -welding tu, pickling, thiab passivation ntawm cov tiav overlay nto |
Cov peev txheej: Cov khoom siv vuam, "Cov txheej txheem vuam txheej txheem tsim nyog rau kev tsim nyog vuam txheej txheem"; API 6A (ntawm valvestandard.com cov ntsiab lus); Piping-Lub ntiaj teb, "Inconel 625 Weld Overlay Piping"; Vuam Fabrication Ntiaj Teb, "Weld Overlay / Cladding."
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tiav tau raug txheeb xyuas raws li cov qauv tsim los yog cov txheej txheem siv cov khoom siv hlau siv - ASME Tshooj IX tsis nws tus kheej tau teeb tsa cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg nkaus. Kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj yog coj mus kuaj ntawm qhov kev ncua deb rov qab los ntawm txoj kab fusion, sib piv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsim nyog overlay thickness, thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau saum toj kawg nkaus txwv yog ua rau tsis lees paub cov txheej txheem lossis cov khoom siv vuam.
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws hauv Cov Hlau Kub GTAW Cladding, thiab Yuav Tiv Thaiv Li Cas?
Qhov tsis xws luag uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv GTAW-HW nickel alloy overlay yog nyob rau hauv -clad cracking, tsis muaj fusion ntawm tus ntiv taw los yog hauv paus, oxidized / unmelted wire inclusions los ntawm tsis raug preheat, thiab tawm - ntawm - specification dilution ntawm fusion kab {{4} parameter ' s tag nrho cov kev qhuab qhia zoo dua ncej-weld kho.
Hauv qab -clad cracking: tsav los ntawm hydrogen thiab residual stress nyob rau hauv HAZ; tswj nrog qhov tseeb preheat/interpass kub, qis-hydrogen xyaum, thiab, qhov twg teev, PWHT.
Tsis muaj fusion ntawm cov hlaws ntiv taw lossis nruab nrab ntawm kev hla: tshwm sim los ntawm kev mus ncig ntau dhau lossis tsis txaus lub zog arc ntawm txoj kab fusion; tswj los ntawm kev mus ncig ceev thiab lub teeb lub kaum sab xis tsim nyog thiab los ntawm kev pom / PT tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
Hlau oxidation los yog unmelted xaim inclusions: tshwm sim los ntawm preheating cov hlau deb dhau ua ntej ntawm lub pas dej ua ke los yog los ntawm shielding roj poob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub kub -hlau contact point; tswj los ntawm preheat tam sim no tuning thiab shielding roj pov thawj pov thawj.
Tshaj tawm ntau dhau / khaws cov hlau ntawm qhov chaw: tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau, kev mus los qeeb, lossis qis dua - thickness overlay; tswj los ntawm ob -txheej txheej tsawg kawg nkaus overlay, kev tsim nyog tam sim no, thiab cov qauv tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov tsim nyog qhov tob.
Micro-fissuring thiab undesirable carbide nag lossis daus: kuaj los ntawm microexamination ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog; tswj los ntawm kev tswj cov cua sov thiab, kom ruaj khov lossis qis dua - cov pa roj carbon fillers, los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke chemistry rau kev pabcuam kub.
Qhov twg Kub Hlau GTAW haum zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib tug Nickel Alloy Cladding xaiv tswv yim?
Cov hlau kub kub GTAW yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub raj-rau-tubesheet pob qij txha, nozzle bores, valve lub cev, thiab lwm yam geometrically constrained los yog siab -cov khoom muaj nqis uas dilution qis dua 5% thiab mechanized, repeatable coverage ob qho tib si teeb meem - loj tiaj tus los yog curved cheeb tsam xws li cov hlab ntsha thiab lub taub hau zoo dua {{5} qhov chaw zoo dua los ntawm cov kab txaij thiab nkhaus, xws li lub taub hau thiab lub taub hau. kho los ntawm SMAW.
Cov txheej txheem xaiv rau nickel alloy overlay yog kev lag luam ntawm cheeb tsam, nkag mus, dilution yuav tsum tau, thiab tus nqi. SAW-Strip thiab pulsed GMAW npog thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tuav cov dej hauv qab li ntawm 10-15% hauv ib txheej, yog li lawv tau tshwj tseg rau cov ntawv thov uas ob lossis ntau txheej twb tau npaj los yog qhov twg qhov kev txwv tsis pub tsawg dua. SMAW tseem tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho thaj chaw thiab kev nkag mus tau txawv txawv uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tshuab. GTAW-HW occupies qhov chaw uas lub geometry yog constrained txaus kom muab nqi zog precision - raj bores, nozzle caj dab, me me valve lub cev - tab sis cheeb tsam loj heev los yog kev lag luam nruj heev rau txias-xaim GTAW ib leeg.
Laser kub hlau cladding pushes dilution thiab deposition tus nqi ntxiv nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li GTAW-HW, thiab yog tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam rau siab heev - cov khoom muaj nqis uas lub peev nqi ntawm cov khoom siv laser yog tsim nyog. Rau feem ntau ntawm siab- ciam teb npib tsib xee alloy overlay ua hauj lwm ntawm cov yeeb nkab, fittings, flanges, thiab forgings, GTAW-HW tseem yog cov txheej txheem uas zoo tshaj plaws sib npaug ntawm kev tsim nyog paub, khoom siv, thiab dilution tswj qhov kev pab cuam corrosion xav tau.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Dab tsi dilution theem tau txais rau Inconel 625 weld overlay ntawm cov hlau?
A: Feem ntau cov nickel alloy overlay specifications txwv saum npoo hlau cov ntsiab lus rau 5.0 wt% siab tshaj plaws, uas feem ntau yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob - txheej txheej txheej vim ib qho - txheej dilution ntawm fusion kab yog qhov nyuaj rau nqa hauv qab li 5% nrog rau cov txheej txheem arc, cov hlau kub GTAW suav nrog.
Q: Ntev npaum li cas yog hlau GTAW sai dua li cov pa txias -wire GTAW?
A: Tshaj tawm cov nqi tso nyiaj rau GTAW-HW khiav kwv yees li ob mus rau peb zaug siab dua qhov txias -hlau GTAW ntawm qhov sib piv cov vuam zoo, nrog GTAW-HW spanning kwv yees li 1 txog 12 lb/hr nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla thiab preheat tam sim no.
Q: Puas yog cov hlau kub GTAW tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau ntau txheej txheej?
A: Tsis yog. Txawm tias ntawm GTAW-HW qhov qis qis dua, feem ntau cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tseem yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ob - txheej txheej txheej vim tias thawj txheej ua raws li qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov hlau hauv paus thiab corrosion- txheej txheej tseem ceeb.
Q: Txoj cai twg tswj hwm kev txwv hardness rau qaub-kev pabcuam nickel alloy overlay?
A: NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 tswj hwm qhov kev lees paub zoo rau cov kev pabcuam qaub, nrog cov kev txwv feem ntau siv ntawm 248 HV10 rau cov pa roj carbon / qis- alloy steel HAZ thiab 345 HV10 rau Inconel 625 overlay, txheeb xyuas los ntawm Vickers kuaj.
Q: Thaum twg yuav tsum SAW- sawb los yog GMAW es tsis txhob kub hlau GTAW?
A: SAW- strip thiab pulsed GMAW yog qhov zoo dua rau qhov loj, qhib qhov chaw xws li lub plhaub thiab lub taub hau qhov twg ntau dua dilution ib txheej tau txais thiab ntau txheej tau npaj lawm; Cov hlau kub GTAW yog qhov zoo dua qhov chaw geometry raug txwv lossis ib zaug - txheej txheej kev tswj hwm yog qhov tseem ceeb.
