Hastelloy B3 Reactor Fabrication: Vuam, Hauv ob sab phlu, thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws

A Hastelloy B3reactor yog fabricated los ntawm welding low-carbon Ni-Mo phaj (UNS N10675) nyob rau hauv nruj cua sov-input tswj, siv ib tug matched B3 muab tub lim (AWS ERNiMo-10), thiab xyuas txhua qhov sib koom tes nrog PMI + RT / PT ntxiv rau hydrostatic test. Tau txais kev huv huv, kev sib tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txheej txheem, thiab lub nkoj yuav tuav hydrochloric acid los ntawm 0% mus rau 40% ntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus txog qhov kub.

Hastelloy B3 yog dab tsi thiab yog vim li cas nws thiaj siv rau reactors?

Hastelloy B3 (UNS N10675, W.Nr. 2.4600) yog npib tsib xee- molybdenum alloy engineered tshwj xeeb rau kev txo -acid cov kev pab cuam, thiab nws yog cov khoom ua haujlwm rau cov reactors uas lis hydrochloric acid, ntub HCl roj, sulfuric acid (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 60} chloric acid, {{1} } lwm cov txheej txheem ntws qhov twg stainless hlau thiab txawm C-276 poob.

Cov hlau muaj kwv yees li 28% molybdenum thiab 1-3% hlau ntawm lub hauv paus npib tsib xee, nrog chromium khaws cia tsawg heev (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3%) thiab hlau + chromium capped kom txwv tsis pub tsim cov nkig Ni₄Mo thiab sigma theem thaum raug rau 600-900 degree. Cov theem ntawd - tswj chemistry yog dab tsi cais B3 los ntawm nws cov thawj coj Hastelloy B (uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm weld HAZ cracking) thiab los ntawm C-276 (uas muaj ntau Cr rau oxidizing kev pab cuam tab sis yog ntau dua los nag los nyob rau hauv ntev txo - kev pab cuam raug). Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj reactor, uas txhais tau hais tias yuav ua tau zoo corrosion tus nqi - feem ntau 0.05–0.25 mm/yr nyob rau hauv 20% HCl ntawm 80℃- thiab fabricable weld uas tsis tawg thaum txias-down.

JN Alloy stocks Hastelloy B3 phaj, ntawv, bar, weld overlay hlau, thiab weld overlay sawb; peb muab lawv ua cov khoom siv raw thiab ua ntej- tsim cov taub hau, plhaub, thiab ua tiav cov hlab ntsha reactor rau cov neeg siv khoom siv tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab lithium.

Hastelloy B3 piv rau B2 thiab C-276 li cas hauv Reactor Service?

Xaiv B3 los ntawm lub neej ntawd rau HCl-tseem ceeb thiab ntshiab txo cov kua qaub, xaiv B2 tsuas yog thaum ASME code lossis cov ntaub ntawv qub txeeg qub teg xav tau, thiab xaiv C-276 tsuas yog thaum cov kwj ntws mus rau hauv cov kab mob oxidizing (Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, HNO₃, yaj oxygen).

Qhov kev txiav txim siab yog tsav los ntawm Pourbaix daim duab ntawm cov txheej txheem - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub peev xwm redox thiab qib chloride. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog kev ua lag luam kev lag luam tawm tswv yim- tawm ntawm JN Alloy cov pab pawg engineering siv thaum tsim nyog lub reactor.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom:Kev qhia tshwj xeeb C-276 rau lub nkoj HCl ntshiab yog feem ntau tshaj - spec peb pom. Engineers them 25-40% ntau dua rau lub plhaub C-276 thaum B3 yuav ua tau zoo dua hauv kev pabcuam. Hloov pauv, qhia B3 rau cov kwj dej uas muaj nitric acid lossis ferric chloride ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sai - C-276 lossis txawm Alloy 20 yog qhov raug hu rau ntawd.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws vuam xyaum rau Hastelloy B3 Reactors?

Weld B3 nrog cov pa roj tungsten arc vuam (GTAW / TIG) siv AWS ERNiMo-10 muab tub lim, khaws qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lossis qis dua 93℃(200℃F), txwv cov cua sov nkag mus rau 0.5-1.5 kJ / mm, thiab zam kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam tshwj tsis yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua.

B3 yog ib qho khoom siv - kev daws teeb meem - muaj zog alloy, yog li nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab los ntawm Ni-Mo matrix - tsis yog los ntawm cov theem nyuaj uas xav tau tempering. Thaum tshav kub kub, qhov tseeb, yog yeeb ncuab: ntev raug ntawm 600 thiab 900℃precipitates Ni₄Mo thiab ib tug ntev -ntau- txiav txim theem uas hardens lub alloy tab sis embrittles nws thiab poob nws corrosion kuj los ntawm 30-60%. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev welding yuav tsum:

1. Siv cov muab tub lim sib phim (ERNiMo-10)- AWS A5.14 classified it for B3. ERNiMo-7 (B2 muab tub lim) yog metallurgically txais tab sis tsis muaj B3 theem stabilization; Tsis txhob hloov ERNiCrMo-4 (C-276 muab tub lim) ntawm kev txo cov kua qaub vim nws nce Cr cov ntsiab lus thiab txo HCl tsis kam.
2. Khaws cov cua kub tawm ntawm 0.5 txog 1.5 kJ / mm.Ntawm phab ntsa 6 hli, qhov no txhais tau hais tias kwv yees li 80-120 A ntawm DCEN nrog 2.4 hli tungsten electrode thiab 8-12 L / min argon backing.
3. Cap interpass kub ntawm 93℃(200℃F).Siv qhov kub thiab txias - qhia cov crayons (Tempil sticks rated rau 93℃) ntawm txhua qhov weld pass - qhov no yog ib qho kev sib txawv tshaj plaws hauv B3 fabrication soj ntsuam.
4. Hla PWHT los ntawm lub neej ntawd.Lub nkoj B3 feem ntau yuav tsum tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -weld cua sov kho rau kev ua haujlwm corrosion. Kev daws annealing ntawm 1065℃tom qab nrawm nrawm tsuas yog siv rau qhov txias txias heev - ua haujlwm lub taub hau lossis tom qab ua haujlwm hnyav.
5. Ntxuav lub hauv paus thiab sab nraub qaum nrog argon lossis argon-helium.B3 tsis muaj titanium lossis txhuas los ua tus deoxidizer; oxygen contamination nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ua rau cov suab thaj oxide films thiab underbead porosity. Ib daim ntaub thaiv tom qab tsis yog - sib tham tau ntawm cov seams ncig.

Rau cov ntu tuab tshaj 19 hli, hloov mus rau ntshav lossis kub -hlau GTAW; rau daim ntawv thov clad, hloov mus rau submerged -arc sawb vuam (SAW nrog EQNiMo-10 sawb). JN Alloy pab pawg tsim khoom siv ob qho tib si thiab tuaj yeem faib cov ntawv WPS tsim nyog raws li kev thov.

Yam Filler Hlau Koj Yuav Tsum Siv rau B3 Vuam - Match lossis Overmatch?

Siv cov khoom sib txuam, AWS ERNiMo-10 (los yog strip EQNiMo-10), rau B3-rau-B3 welds; Qhov kev lees paub tsuas yog overmatch yog ERNiCrMo-4 (C-276 muab tub lim) thaum lub nkoj hloov mus rau C-276 flange lossis nozzle.

Ib tug "matching" muab tub lim nyob rau hauv nickel alloys txhais tau tias tib tsev neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li lub hauv paus hlau - tsis me ntsis-rau- ntsis zoo tib yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv tib lub AWS kev faib tawm. Rau B3 qhov no yog ERNiMo-10 (ASME SFA-5.14). Ob lub tswv yim scenarios ua txhaum txoj cai sib tw:

• Dissimilar pob qij txha rau C-276 los yog Alloy 625 flanges.ERNiCrMo-4 yog kev lag luam tus qauv hloov pauv cov khoom siv vim tias nws zam qhov kev sib cais los ntawm B3 thiab C-276 thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg. JN Alloy feem ntau muab cov kev hloov pauv-thiab-lub taub qab ntawm B3 mus rau C-276 flanges nrog cov muab tub lim no.
• Cov pob qij txha tsis sib xws rau cov pa roj carbon lossis tsawg- alloy steel plhaub.Siv ERNi-1 lossis ERNiCrMo-3 buttering ua ntej, ces ERNiMo-10 ntawm B3 sab. Uatsis yogkhiav ERNiMo-10 ncaj qha mus rau carbon steel - nws yuav tawg los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dilution.

Khaws cov khoom siv hlau cia rau hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cim cim ntawm 5-25℃thiab <50% RH; rebake cov muab tub lim uas tau qhib rau ntau tshaj plaub teev, raws li AWS A5.01 kev taw qhia cia.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Koj Yuav Tswj Cov Cuab Yeej Kom Tsis Muaj B3 Weld Defects?

Sau txhua qhov weld pass lub amperage, voltage, thiab mus ncig ceev ntawm WPS traveler; tsis lees txais ib qho kev hla dhau 1.5 kJ / mm lossis tshaj 93℃interpass.

Ob qhov tsis xws luag thaum tshav kub kub-input tswj tiv thaiv yog ductility-dip cracking (DDC) nyob rau hauv lub HAZ thiab nag lossis daus ntawm lub brittle Ni₄Mo theem nyob rau hauv lub fusion ciam teb. Ob qho tib si yog lub sijhawm- thiab - kub- nyob ntawm thiab ob qho tib si tsuas yog kuaj tau los ntawm kev kuaj metallographic - los ntawm lub sijhawm koj pom lawv, koj twb tau kho lawm. Lub ntsiab lus tswj yog kev ua haujlwm, tsis yog analytical.

Kev siv hluav taws xob ua kom sov- tawm tswv yim los sau rau ntawm txhua daim npav neeg taug kev:Thaum tshav kub kub input (kJ/mm)=(V × A × 0.06) / (mus ncig ceev hauv cm/min), siv tus qauv 60% arc efficiency rau GTAW.

Rau 12 hli B3 pob tw welded cag- sab kub, teeb V=10 V, A=100 A, mus ncig ceev 8 cm/min:(10 × 100 × 0.06) / 8=0.75 kJ/mm- yooj yim hauv 1.5 kJ/mm qab nthab.

Yog tias cov txheej txheem tsim nyog (PQR) tau ua tiav ntawm 1.2 kJ / hli, WPQ txwv kev tsim cov welds kom tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.2 kJ / mm - tsis tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.5 kJ / mm. PQR qab nthab yog ib txwm nruj dua li cov lus qhia thoob ntiaj teb.

Dab tsi ua ntej - Weld Cleaning thiab Post -Kev kho vuam puas B3 xav tau?

Ua ntej-weld, degrease, abrasive-buff, thiab acetone- so hauv plaub teev tom qab vuam; post-weld, ua ib qho puv - nkoj pickle (HNO₃ + HF) thiab passivation, tab sis hla kev ntxhov siab- kho cua sov.

Nickel-molybdenum alloys tsis tsim ib tus kheej- kho cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau ua. Txhua cov roj, cov cim, leej faj, lossis cov hmoov txhuas uas kov qhov chaw ua ntej welding ua subsurface sulfide los yog oxide stringer - ib qho kev lees paub corrosion pib qhov chaw hauv HCl. Qhov ua ntej-weld tu ib ntu JN Alloy siv yog:

• Degreasenrog acetone lossis isopropyl cawv so, lint -dawb ntaub.
• Mechanical abradenrog rau lub siab tsis muaj zog- steel hlau txhuam los yog 60-grit alumina nrov plig plawg disc - tsis txhob siv lub log uas tau kov cov hlau yav dhau los.
• Cov kuab tshuaj zaum kawg sotsis pub dhau plaub teev ntawm kev tawm tsam arc; yog tias thaj chaw zaum ntev dua, re-abrade.
• Npog nrog kraft ntawv los yog yasyog tias qhov sib txuas vuam yuav zaum ib hmo ua ntej haum -up.

Tom qab-weld, khaws tag nrho cov npoo sab hauv nrog 10–20 % HNO₃ + 1–3 % HF da dej ntawm 50–60 degree, ces yaug nrog dej deionized thiab qhuav. Qhov no tshem tawm cov cua sov tint thiab chromium-depleted txheej sab laug los ntawm weld.Tsis txhobkhiav 595℃kev ntxhov siab nyem - qhov rais qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseeb qhov twg Ni₄Mo nag lossis daus nrawm.

Koj Xaiv Li Cas Ntawm Kab, Overlay, thiab Khoom B3 Reactors?

Siv cov khoom B3 rau cov hlab ntsha hauv qab ~ 2 m txoj kab uas hla thiab 5 m³ muaj peev xwm; siv weld-overlay-lined carbon steel rau thaj tsam loj-erected reactors; siv cov ntaub ntawv xoob xoob nkaus xwb rau qis- siab, hloov tau- cov ntawv thov hauv ob sab phlu.

Khoom B3 yog cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws metallurgical tab sis tseem kim tshaj plaws - B3 phaj khiav roughly 6-9 npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm ASTM A516-70 carbon steel phaj. Rau 4 m txoj kab uas hla × 8 m siab reactor, lub peev ntawd - tus nqi delta yog rau daim duab. Lub overlay-lined tsim recovers feem ntau ntawm corrosion kuj ntawm ib feem ntawm tus nqi.

Rau feem ntau cov neeg siv tshuaj, JN Alloy khoom siv aweld-overlay-kab kab: A516-70 lub hauv paus plhaub, B3 overlay sawb welded rau lub ntsej muag corrosion, tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm -Overlay tov anneal ntawm 1065℃thiab quench los kho corrosion kuj. Qhov no muab 3-6 hli corrosion pub nrog lub metallurgically bonded liner - tsis muaj crevice rau acid rau wick tom qab.

Dab tsi Weld Overlay Techniques ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau B3 Reactor Linings?

Siv cov strip-electrode submerged- arc vuam (SAW-S) txheej txheem nrog EQNiMo-10 strip (feem ntau 30 × 0.5 mm) rau cov khoom loj thiab electro-slag vuam (ESW) rau qhov siab -, tom qab ntawd ua tiav nrog kev sib tw AW ERNiMo-10.

Overlaying 5 m txoj kab uas hla × 8 m reactor nkoj xav tau ~ 200 kg ntawm muab tub lim ib square meter ntawm lub ntsej muag corrosion. Qhov ntawd tsis yog tes- txoj haujlwm hlau. SAW strip overlay ntawm 250-400 mm / min nrog 600-800 A ntawm lub sawb yog cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Peb txoj cai ua haujlwm:

1. Khaws overlay Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 3 hli hauv qhov kawg chemistry.Dilution los ntawm cov pa roj carbon -steel substrate tuaj yeem rub Cr thiab Fe nce thiab Mo down - nyob rau hauv -} tuab lossis qis -deposition dhau los ua ib txheej uas tsis yog "B3."
2. Siv lub nraub qaum rov qab ua ntej.Weld ib 2-3 hli butter ntawm ERNiCrMo-4 mus rau cov pa roj carbon steel, ces khiav lub ERNiMo-10 overlay. Lub butter ua raws li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv uas ua rau cov pa roj carbon dilution.
3. Txheeb xyuas cov chemistry overlay.Siv daim coupon tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thaum pib ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tw, tom qab ntawd ib qho txhua 200 hli ntawm lub nkoj ntev. Spec: 27-32% Mo, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 3% Cr, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug 3% Fe ntawm lub ntsej muag zaum kawg, rau ASME SA-265.

ESW (electro-slag strip welding) sai dua tab sis ua rau cov nplej coarser thiab qis dua Mo rov qab; JN Alloy siv nws ntawm cov hlab ntsha> 25 m³ qhov twg cov khoom siv tau teeb meem ntau dua li qhov kawg 5% ntawm kev ua haujlwm corrosion.

Koj Yuav Tshuaj Xyuas thiab Zoo Li Cas -Kuaj B3 Reactor?

Tshawb xyuas hauv qhov kev txiav txim no: pom (100%) → dimensional (100%) → nto PT ntawm tag nrho cov welds (100%) → volumetric RT ntawm tag nrho cov pob tw welds Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 19 hli (100%) → PMI ntawm txhua phaj thiab weld daim coupon (100%) → hydrotest ntawm 1.5 × qhov kawg tsim passivation.

QC saw iav tsom iav ASME Tshooj V thiab Tshooj VIII Div 1 rau nickel{1}}alloy siab hlab ntsha. Qhov kev txiav txim tseem ceeb: txhua kauj ruam catches qhov tsis ua tiav cov kauj ruam tom ntej xav tias twb tau raug tshuaj xyuas lawm. JN Alloy txoj kev kuaj xyuas tus qauv, muab rau txhua lub nkoj, suav nrog:

• Kev kuaj pom (VT)to AWS QC1, acceptance per ASME V Article 9.
• Dye-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (PT)ntawm tag nrho cov welds - ASTM E165, dej-washable los yog post-emulsifiable.
• Kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob (RT)Raws li ASME V Tshooj 2 ntawm txhua lub pob tw welds Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 19 hli phab ntsa thickness. Pom RT ntawm nozzle welds.
• Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo (PMI)nrog XRF ntsuas ntawm txhua lub phaj, lub taub hau, thiab lub taub hau flange ua ntej haum-nce. Ib qho kev ua tsis tiav yog ib qho ntawm C-276 phaj smuggled rau hauv B3 nkoj vim tias ob qho tib si zoo ib yam.
• Hydrostatic xeemntawm 1.5 × tsim siab (los yog 1.3 × rau ASME VIII Div 1 Lwm Txoj Cai) tuav rau 30 feeb, tom qab ntawd los ntawm xab npum- kev daws teeb meem ntawm txhua lub nozzle weld.
• Thaum kawg pickle thiab passivationraws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu kev ntxuav saum toj no.

Txhua kauj ruam tau sau tseg rau ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Ntsuas Kev Npaj (ITP) cov neeg taug kev uas mus nrog lub nkoj los ntawm cov phaj tau txais mus rau kev tso tawm. JN Alloy muab cov qauv ITP hauv pob ntawv hais kom cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem kho lawv tus kheej cov neeg soj ntsuam mus rau qhov tseem ceeb.

Yam twg uas tsis yog -Txoj kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj yog xav tau rau B3?

B3 cov hlab ntsha feem ntau xav tau PT ntawm txhua qhov welds thiab RT ntawm pob tw welds; UT thiab eddy- kev sim tam sim no yog xaiv tau tab sis pom zoo rau cov tuab tuab thiab txias- ua lub taub hau raws li.

Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj NDT tau tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho (ASME VIII Div 1 hauv North America, EN 13445 hauv EU, GB 150 hauv Suav teb). Tag nrho peb cov lej kho cov nickel alloys zoo li stainless hlau rau cov hom phiaj NDT, nrog ob peb qhov sib txawv:

• PT- ASTM E165 nrog dej - ntxuav tau los yog xa tawm -emulsifiable penetrant. Kev lees txais rau ASME V T-640. Siv qhov no los ntes cov kab nrib pleb ntawm DDC.
• RT- ASME V Tshooj 2, kev lees txais rau VIII Div 1 UW-51. Siv X-ray lossis Ir-192. RT yog tib txoj kev volumetric uas tuaj yeem khaws cov phiaj xwm HAZ tawg.
• UT- ASME V Tshooj 5 rau shear- wave detection ntawm laminations hauv niam txiv phaj. Kev xaiv tab sis pom zoo rau ntawm daim hlau> 50 mm.
• Eddy tam sim no(array lossis pulsed) - muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev luam theej duab sab hauv ntawm ib qho overlay tom qab machining kom paub meej tias overlay thickness. ASTM E2159 yog tus qauv ua haujlwm tau.
• Cov ntsiab lus ferrite(tsuas yog siv tau rau B3 yog tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis zoo tshwm sim) - calibrate Feritscope ntawm tus qauv B3 paub; cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog- sib nqus, yog li kev nyeem ntawv saum toj no ~ 5 FN qhia tias muaj kab mob.

JN Alloy tuaj yeem khiav tag nrho tsib txoj hauv kev hauv -tsev; rau cov neeg siv khoom-pom thib peb- kev tshuaj xyuas tog, peb teem sijhawm Lloyd's, TÜV, SGS, BV, lossis DNV ntawm theem hais.

Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yuav tsum tau mus nrog B3 Reactor?

B3 reactor ships nrog EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, ASME U2 / U3 / U4 daim ntawv teeb tsa, tag nrho cov welder WPQ + WPS + PQR, NDT cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas hydrostatic, ITP cov neeg taug kev, thiab daim ntawv teev npe tuaj yeem nkag mus rau thawj cov lej kub.

ASME Tshooj VIII xav kom txhua lub nkoj siab tawm hauv lub khw nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia (U-1 rau UM, U-2 rau U, U-3 rau U3). Rau lub nkoj B3, cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv yog qhov ua pov thawj tias cov hlau ua tau zoo sib xws rau daim ntawv teev npe thiab tias QC txoj kev npaj tau ua raws. Tus qauv JN Alloy pob yog:

• Daim ntawv pov thawj Mill Test (MTC)- 3.1 daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm txhua phaj, taub hau, flange, haum. EN 10204 3.2 nrog TÜV / LR / DNV ua pov thawj yog tias tus neeg siv khoom xaj nws.
• Cov ntaub ntawv vuam- WPS cov ntaub ntawv, PQR cov ntaub ntawv, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj WPQ rau txhua tus welder uas kov lub nkoj.
• NDT reports- VT, PT, RT, UT cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis cov xov tooj cua digital khaws cia rau 7 xyoo.
• PMI cov ntaub ntawv- XRF analyzer printouts nrog calibration cav, xauv rau phaj kub tooj.
• Hydrostatic test report- siab, ntev, ambient kub, leak-kuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig.
• Cov ntaub ntawv kho cua sov- rau kev daws teeb meem-annealed taub hau thiab overlays.
• ITP traveler- theem-los ntawm-theem kos npe- tawm nrog tus neeg soj ntsuam pib.
• Daim ntawv npe- ASME- stamped nrog cov chaw tsim khoom serial, tsim siab, tsim kub, khoom spec, xyoo tsim.

Ib lub nkoj uas tsis muaj pob khoom tiav no yog, hauv peb qhov kev paub, lub nkoj uas tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw nrog cov lus nug uas ib tug neeg teb tsis tau. Cov pob yog qhov pheej yig tshaj kev tuav pov hwm ntawm lub reactor.

B3 Reactor Vuam - Ceev- Daim Npav Parameter

Cov lus nug nquag

Qhov txawv ntawm Hastelloy B2 thiab B3 yog dab tsi?
B3 yog qhov ua tiav rau B2. Ob leeg sib koom Ni-26/28-Mo puag, tab sis B3 stabilizes chemistry nrog nruj dua hlau thiab chromium tswj thiab ntxiv me me titanium thiab txhuas getters. Qhov tshwm sim yog txo qis HAZ-kev pheej hmoo tawg thiab ruaj khov kev ua haujlwm tom qab vuam. Tswv yim, B2 yuav tsum nruj PWHT tswj; B3 welds nkoj raws li-welded.

Puas yog Hastelloy B3 zoo ib yam li Alloy B-3?
Yog lawm. "Hastelloy" yog Haynes International lub npe lag luam; lub npe generic yogNickel alloy B-3los yog UNS N10675. Lwm cov neeg tsim khoom xws li Cov Hlau Tshwj Xeeb faib cov qib sib npaug hauv cov npe sib txawv (xws li,Alloy B-3nyob rau hauv lawv cov catalog).

Hastelloy B3 puas tuaj yeem welded yam tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -weld kev kho cua sov?
Yog, yuav luag txhua qhov xwm txheej. B3 nkoj tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li -welded condition. Kev daws annealing ntawm 1065℃ua raws li qhov txias txias yog siv rau qhov txias txias heev - ua haujlwm lub taub hau thiab tom qab weld overlay ntawm carbon steel, tab sis nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv niaj hnub vuam.

Dab tsi muab hlau siv rau Hastelloy B3?
AWS A5.14 ERNiMo-10 (wire) or EQNiMo-10 (strip) is the standard matching filler. ERNiMo-7 (B2 muab tub lim) yog metallurgically txais tab sis tsis muaj B3 theem-stabilization pob. ERNiCrMo-4 (C-276 muab tub lim) tsuas yog siv rau kev hloov welds mus rau C-276 los yog stainless Cheebtsam.

Dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws interpass kub rau Hastelloy B3?
93℃(200℃F). Nov yog daim duab uas tau hais hauv ASME Tshooj IX lub hnab ntawv tsim nyog rau B3 cov txheej txheem thiab phim cov ntawv xov xwm Haynes qub. Tshaj nws txaus ntshai Ni₄Mo nag lossis daus hauv vuam thiab HAZ.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub rau Hastelloy B3 yog dab tsi?
Rau kev txo qis - kua qaub, B3 tau ntsuas txog li 400℃tsis tu ncua, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov tshuaj reactors ua haujlwm qis dua 200 degree. Tshaj 400 degree, B3 tsis pom zoo - alloy tsis yog tsim los rau siab -kub lub zog, thiab grain loj hlob ua ke nrog theem nag lossis daus degrades ductility.

B3 puas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv hydrochloric acid ntawm txhua qhov concentration?
Yog lawm. B3 yog ntsuas rau 0% mus rau 40% HCl nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kub ntau mus txog rau boiling. Tshaj 40% HCl los yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov oxidizers muaj zog (Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, dawb Cl₂, HNO₃), corrosion nqi nce thiab ib tug sib txawv alloy yuav tsum tau.

B3 puas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv sulfuric acid?
Yog, txog li 60% concentration hauv qab 100 degree. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, corrosion kuj nce sharply. Rau kev sib xyaw sulfuric + oxidant ntws, Hastelloy C-276 lossis Alloy 20 feem ntau nyiam.

Dab tsi NDT yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau B3 reactor?
Raws li ASME V Tshooj 4 & 6 thiab VIII Div 1: kev kuaj pom ntawm txhua qhov vuam, zas xim - kev ntsuas nkag rau ntawm txhua qhov vuam, thiab kev ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm txhua lub pob tw welds Loj dua lossis sib npaug li 19 hli. Ferromagnetic / ferrite checks tsis tas yuav tsum tau rau B3 - alloy yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog-magnetic.

Puas yog PMI yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm lub nkoj B3?
Yog lawm, ntawm txhua lub phaj, lub taub hau, thiab cov khoom siv khoom siv ua ntej haum -up. Tus nqi ntawm PMI XRF scan yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg piv nrog tus nqi ntawm kev txiav qhib lub reactor tom qab 316L phaj yuam kev hauv B3 nteg- nqes hav.

B3 reactor puas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon - steel substrate nrog overlay?
Yog - qhov no yog cov qauv tsim tshaj plaws rau thaj chaw- txhim kho cov hlab ntsha loj dua 5 m³. A516-70 carbon steel yog weld-overlayed nrog EQNiMo-10 mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 3 hli thickness, tsim nyog rau ASME SA-265, tov annealed ntawm 1065 degree, dej quenched, thiab pickled.

Cov qauv twg siv rau B3 reactor?
ASME SB-333 (phaj), SB-619 (welded yeeb nkab), SB-775 (fittings), SB-829 (general), ASME Section IX (welding), Section V (NDT), Section VIII (cov nkoj), ASTM B333 (phaj), AWS A5.14 (filler), thiab ISO 151 MR-51service kev sib raug zoo.

Dab tsi yog qhov corrosion ntawm B3 hauv 20% HCl ntawm 80 degree?
Feem ntau 0.05 txog 0.15 hli / xyoo ib Haynes luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv isocorrosion. Qhov no tso B3 zoo rau hauv 0.5 hli / xyoo "zoo" lub hnab ntawv rau cov tshuaj reactors thiab txhawb nqa lub neej tsim tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm tus qauv 6 hli corrosion.

Vim li cas B3 tsis ua tiav hauv nitric acid?
B3 muaj tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3 % chromium - deb hauv qab ntawm ~ 16% yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab ruaj khov hauv oxidizing acids. Nitric acid, ferric chloride, thiab cupric chloride sai sai tua cov Ni-Mo matrix. Siv Alloy 20 lossis C-276 hauv kev pabcuam oxidizing.

B3 puas tuaj yeem ua tau txias -?
Yog, rau qhov txwv ntawm li 20% txias ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab annealing. Kev deformation ntau dua yuav tsum muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm 1065℃tom qab txias txias kom rov qab ua kom muaj zog corrosion. Lub taub hau xaus, lub taub hau lub taub hau, thiab lub taub hau taub hau yog ib txwm txias- tsim.

B3 puas tuaj yeem ua tshuab?
Yog lawm, tab sis nws ua haujlwm - tawv tawv heev. Siv cov cuab yeej ntse carbide, qhov zoo rake, qis txiav ceev (10-25 m / min), thiab cov dej nyab zoo. Tsis txhob cia chips gall; lawv yuav tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntxhib uas nyuaj rau pickle huv.

Dab tsi yog ASME code rooj plaub rau B3?
ASME Code Case 2486 tswj kev siv SB-333 nickel-molybdenum alloy (UNS N10675) hauv Tshooj VIII Div 1 kev tsim kho. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov kho zaum kawg hauv xyoo 2018 thiab tau lees paub los ntawm Asmeskas lub xeev thiab Canadian xeev cov tub ceev xwm.

Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas los tsim ib lub reactor B3?
JN Alloy lub sij hawm ua haujlwm yog 14-22 lub lis piam rau ib txwm 5-20 m³ khoom-B3 nkoj, suav nrog kev yuav khoom, tsim, vuam, NDT, hydrotest, thiab shipping. Overlay- cov hlab ntsha khiav 18-28 lub lis piam vim yog qhov tshaj tawm -Overlay solution anneal thiab quench cycle.