Field Vuam ntawm Stainless Hlau: Huab cua tiv thaiv, Preheating, thiab Post- Weld Inspection

Lub stainless hlau weld ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ua tsis tau tejyam rau peb tej yam uas yuav ua tau -- atmospheric contamination (cua-driven oxygen thiab ya raws), thermal tswj tsis raug (hla preheat rau tuab los yog martensitic seem), thiab tsis txaus tshuaj xyuas (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov corrosion-tiv thaiv cov khw muag khoom ua routinely tab sis qhov chaw). Txhua tus tiv thaiv tau nrog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Phau ntawv qhia no muab rau koj cov lej, qhov pib, thiab daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kom vuam stainless hlau ua tiav sab nraum lub khw tswj.

Field Welding of Stainless Steel

Stainless hlauNws yog rhiab heev rau atmospheric paug tshaj carbon steel vim hais tias nws corrosion kuj nyob ntawm ib tug passive chromium- oxide zaj duab xis -- thiab cov zaj duab xis no puas los ntawm nitrogen pickup, hydrogen los ntawm noo noo, thiab nto oxidation thaum lub sij hawm vuam. Cov pa roj carbon steel weld raug cua tuaj yeem xav tau kev tu ntau dua; ib tug stainless weld raug rau tib cua tuaj yeem raug kev puas tsuaj mus tas li ntawm corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ).

Lub mechanism yog ncaj nraim. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam, lub pas dej molten yog chemically reactive. Yog hais tias huab cua ambient yog kos rau hauv arc (los ntawm cua) lossis yog tias cov av noo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, qhov tshwm sim weld absorbs nitrogen thiab hydrogen. Nitrogen tsim chromium nitrides ntawm cov ciam teb nplej - ncaj qha tshem tawm chromium los ntawm cov tshuaj tov thiab rhuav tshem cov zaj duab xis passive. Hydrogen ua rau porosity thiab, hauv qib martensitic, ncua kev tawg. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tswj xyuas yog li no tiv thaiv lub arc thiab kub weld los ntawm huab cua.

Tshaj 8 km / h (5 mph) ntawm cov cua ruaj khov, GTAW (TIG) shielding yog cuam tshuam thiab yuav tsum muaj cua daj cua dub; siab tshaj 16 km/h (10 mph), SMAW thiab GMAW kuj yuav tsum tau muaj cua daj cua dub los yog lub rooj zaum kaw. Tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb "cua kam rau siab" rau qhib -air stainless welding.

Cua Ceev	GTAW (TIG)	GMAW (MIG)	SMAW (Stick)	Yuav tsum tau ua
0 - 8 km/h (0-5 mph)	Txais tau	Txais tau	Txais tau	Li qub shielding gas ntws; tsis xav tau cua daj cua dub
8 - 16 km/h (5-10 mph)	Txaus siab	Txais tau	Txais tau	Windbreak tsev pheebsuab rau GTAW; nce Ar flow 20%
16 - 32 km/h (10-20 mph)	Tsis tau	Txaus siab	Txaus siab	Tag nrho windbreak enclosure yuav tsum tau rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem
>32km/h (20 mph)	Tsis tau	Tsis tau	Ciam teb	Nres vuam los yog tag nrho cov vuam lub rooj muag khoom yuav tsum tau

Txhua qhov pom kev ya raws ntawm qhov sib koom los yog hauv txoj kev tiv thaiv roj ua rau hydrogen porosity thiab arc instability; welding hauv nag lossis daus yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm txhua tus lej loj (ASME Section IX, AWS D1.6). kwv yees cov av noo siab tshaj 90% yuav tsum tau ua ntej- ziab cov khoom siv thiab ua kom sov lub hauv paus hlau rau tes-sov (saum toj dew point).

How Does Rain Snow and Humidity Affect a Stainless Weld

Los nag / daus / active condensation: STOP welding. Qhuav qhov sib koom ua ke, txheeb xyuas qhov dej lwg, rov- tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig

Cov av noo txheeb ze 70-90%: Siv qis-hydrogen electrodes (H4 lossis H5 ntsuas); ci flux-them electrodes ib spec

txheeb ze humidity> 90%: Thaum tshav kub kub puag hlau kom tsawg kawg yog 5℃saum lub lwg point; ua ntej- qhuav muab tub lim; xav txog lub tsev pheeb suab dehumidification

Dew point check: Yog hais tias hlau nto kub nyob rau hauv 3℃ntawm dew point, condensation yuav tsim - kub cov hlau ua ntej welding.

Hauv qab 0℃(32℃F), vuam ntawm austenitic stainless yog ua tau tab sis yuav tsum tau preheating rau tsawg kawg yog 15℃(60℃F) los tiv thaiv condensation thiab thermal shock; qis dua -18℃(0℃F), txawm tias preheated austenitic welding yuav txaus ntshai thiab qib martensitic yuav tsum tau preheated rau 150-200 degree.

Ambient Temp	Austenitic (304/316/321)	Duplex (2205/2507)	Martensitic (410/420)	Kev ua
>0℃(32℃F)	Weld ncaj qha	Preheat 50-100℃yog tias muaj kev phom sij	Preheat 150-200 degree	Txheem tswj
0 txog -18 degree	Preheat rau 15℃min	Preheat 100℃min	Preheat 200-250 degree	Thaum tshav kub kub hlau; tuav interpass
< -18 °C	Preheat 50 degree, vaj tse	Preheat 150 degree, vaj tse	Tsis pom zoo	Lub rooj muag khoom kaw yuav tsum tau ua

Raws li txoj cai, austenitic stainless hlau (304, 316, 321, 347) tsis tas yuav tsum tau preheat rau metallurgical vim li cas -- tab sis thaj chaw (txias ambient, noo noo, tuab seem) feem ntau ua rau qis-kub preheat (15-100 degree) tsim nyog los tiv thaiv condensation thiab tswj thermal grade.

Austenitic stainless hlau tsis yog hardenable los ntawm kev kho cua sov, yog li preheating rau lub zog yog tsis tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, daim teb qhia ob qho laj thawj tseem siv tau ua ntej: (1) txhawm rau tshem tawm cov av noo thiab tiv thaiv hydrogen porosity, thiab (2) kom txo tau qhov txias txias thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntu tuab. Lub preheat kub yuav tsum tau khaws cia qis - ntau dhau preheat (tshaj li 150 degree) accelerates rhiab heev (chromium carbide nag lossis daus) nyob rau hauv lub HAZ ntawm unstabilized qib zoo li 304.

Preheat yuav tsum tau ua rau peb tsev neeg stainless -- martensitic (410/420), ferritic (430/444), thiab nag lossis daus-hardening (17-4PH) qib - ntxiv rau txhua qib welded hauv qab khov lossis siab dua 25 mm thickness hauv huab cua txias.

Tsev Neeg Qib	Yuav tsum Preheat?	Preheat Range	Interpass Max	Vim li cas
Austenitic 304/316/321	Feem ntau Tsis muaj	15-100℃(tsuas yog txias / noo)	150℃(tsis txhob hnov qab)	Tsis yog -hardenable; preheat yog rau ya raws, tsis muaj zog
Duplex 2205/2507	Cov xwm txheej	50-150 degree	100-150 degree	Tswj ferrite / austenite tshuav nyiaj li cas; tiv thaiv sigma theem
Martensitic 410/420	Yog lawm	150-250 degree	300℃max	Tiv thaiv nyuaj HAZ + txias tawg
Ferritic 430/444	Qee zaum	100-150 degree	200℃max	Txo cov qoob loo loj hlob thiab kev pheej hmoo tawg
PH 17-4PH / 15-5PH	Yog lawm	120-200 degree	150 degree	Tswj hardening; tsis txhob ncua kev tawg

Siv lub pyrometer tiv tauj lossis qhov kub thiab txias - qhia cov crayons (Tempilstik) -- tsis txhob kwv yees los ntawm kov

Ntsuas tsawg kawg yog 75 hli (3 ntiv tes) los ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, ntawm ob sab ntawm lub phaj

Khaws preheat thoob plaws hauv lub vuam; re-xyuas ntawm kev hla (interpass kub)

Rau cov qib martensitic, tsis txhob cia cov vuam kom txias hauv qab preheat ntawm kev hla dhau - siv daim pam sov lossis tswj kom txias.

Cov ntaub ntawv preheat thiab interpass kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv weld (yuav tsum tau los ntawm ASME / AWS D1.6)

Kev tshuaj xyuas teb ntawm stainless welds siv tib txoj kev xws li khw welding -- pom (VT), penetrant (PT), sib nqus particle (MT, rau ferritic/martensitic nkaus xwb), radiography (RT), thiab ultrasonic (UT) - tab sis qhov corrosion-resistance pov thawj (pickling / passivation check thiab ferric sulfate feem ntau cov kev ntsuam xyuas feem ntau yog copper) rau kev ua haujlwm ntev.

Txoj kev	Tshawb pom	Muaj feem xyuam rau Stainless?	Field Practicality	Hom Standard
Visual (VT)	Deg tsis xws luag, profile, xim	Txhua qib	Zoo heev - ib txwm ua ntej	AWS D1.6 / ASME V
Penetrant (PT).	Deg tawg, porosity	Txhua qib (nrog rau austenitic)	Zoo - cov khoom siv portable	ASME V Art.6 / ISO 3452
Sib nqus (MT)	Nto + ze -sab saum npoo	Ferritic & martensitic nkaus xwb (tsis yog austenitic)	Zoo rau 410/430; N / A rau 304/316	ASME V Art.7/ISO 9934
Kev kuaj ntshav (RT)	Internal defects, porosity, tsis muaj fusion	Txhua qib	Ua tau tab sis qeeb; hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb xav tau	ASME V Art.2 / ISO 17636
Ultrasonic (UT)	Internal defects, tsis muaj fusion	Txhua qib	Zoo nrog kev cob qhia tech; thickness nyob ntawm	ASME V Art.4 / ISO 17640
Ferrite ntsuas	Delta ferrite% (duplex / austenitic)	Duplex & austenitic (tsis yog tag nrho austenitic welds)	Zoo heev - handheld gauge	AWS A4.2 / ISO 8249
Kev kuaj corrosion	Passivation zoo, rhiab heev	Txhua qib	Cov khoom siv teb muaj; feem ntau hla	ASTM A923 / ASTM A262 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb

Ib qho kev ua tsis tiav ntawm stainless welds tsis yog cov txheej txheem tawg -- nws yog qhov chaw xeb ntawm qhov vuam (weld decay, riam-kab nres, lossis cua sov-tint oxidation) vim tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis tau rov qab los tom qab vuam. Cov khw pickle thiab passivate txhua qhov weld; Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv teb feem ntau hla nws, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov sib txuas uas zoo nkaus li zoo tab sis corrodes hauv lub hlis.

Why Is the Corrosion-Resistance Check the Step Most Often Skipped

Tom qab vuam, HAZ thiab weld cheeb tsam poob chromium rau oxidation (heat tint) thiab tej zaum yuav tsim chromium carbides (sensitization). Yog tsis muaj kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem passive, qhov vuam ua qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv qhov system. Kev kho yog yooj yim tab sis yuav tsum tau:

Mechanical: Hlau- txhuam hniav nrog cov txhuam hniav tsis zoo (tsis txhob carbon steel txhuam -- hlau paug ua rau xeb)

Pickling: Siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav (nitric + hydrofluoric acid) kom tshem tawm cov cua sov; neutralize thiab yaug

Passivation: ASTM A967 citric los yog nitric acid passivation los tsim cov chromium - oxide zaj duab xis

Tshawb xyuas: Copper sulfate test (ASTM A967) lossis ferric chloride test (ASTM A923) lees paub qhov ua tau zoo

Cov ntaub ntawv: Sau cov pickling / passivation ntawm lub vuam cav - xav tau rau zaub mov, pharma, thiab kev pabcuam nuclear

Kev hnov mob (chromium carbide nag lossis daus ntawm cov ciam teb hauv HAZ) raug kuaj pom tsis yog -kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev sim Strauss (ASTM A262 Practice E) ntawm tus qauv daim coupon, lossis los ntawm kev kuaj ferric chloride (ASTM A923 Method C) ntawm qhov tseeb weld. Rau cov qib ruaj khov (321, 347) thiab L- qib (316L, 304L), rhiab heev txaus ntshai; rau unstabilized 304/316 nyob rau hauv 425-870℃ntau, nws yog siab.

Qib	Sensitization Risk	Field Verification	Mitigation yog pom tau
304 / 316 (tsis ruaj khov)	Siab yog welded 425-870℃ntau yam	ASTM A923 C ferric chloride ntawm daim coupon	Kev daws anneal 1040-1150℃+ dej quench (tsis teb-ua tau; hloov)
304L / 316L (tsawg C)	Tsawg (C <0.03% txwv carbide tsim)	Kev kuaj pom nrog tooj liab sulfate kuaj	Feem ntau siv tau raws li -welded
321 / 347 (kwv yees)	Tsawg (Ti / Nb khi rau carbon)	Tsis tshua xav tau; pom + PT	Txais tau raws li -welded
TIAB SA 2205	Nruab nrab (tsis txhob 300-950 degree)	Ferrite ntsuas + PT	Re-weld yog sigma theem xav tias

Hnub tim, qhov chaw, welder ID, thiab WPS/PQR tus lej siv

Base hlau qib + kub tooj (traceability rau zeb ntawv pov thawj)

Filler hlau cais + tshav kub / ntau tus lej

Preheat thiab interpass kub ( ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb, tsis yog "OK")

Ambient tej yam kev mob: cua ceev, av noo, dew point, nag / daus xwm txheej

Shielding gas type + flow rate (for GTAW/GMAW)

Kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig: VT / PT / RT / UT kev tshawb pom + kev lees paub tus qauv

Pickling / passivation ua tau? Kev sim thiab qhov tshwm sim

Tsis yog-Cov ntawv ceeb toom ua raws (NCR) rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug

GTAW (TIG) tseem yog cov txheej txheem kev lag luam uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau cov kav dej stainless hlau thiab cov ntu nyias vim tias nws ua kom huv, feem ntau corrosion- tiv taus welds nrog tsawg spatter. SMAW (stick) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntu tuab thiab ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov; GMAW (MIG) suits siab - ntim cov qauv vuam nrog kev tiv thaiv roj kom raug. FCAW feem ntau zam rau stainless hauv corrosion- pabcuam tseem ceeb.

Which Welding Process Is Best for Field Stainless Welds

Txheej txheem	Kev siv teb zoo tshaj plaws	Tiv thaiv	Huab cua Sensitivity	Corrosion Risk yog Ua Tsis Tau
GTAW (TIG)	Cov yeeb nkab, nyias phab ntsa, hauv paus hla	100% Ar (los yog Ar + Nws)	Siab heev (xav tau cua daj cua dub)	Tsawg yog roj ntshiab; N2/air entrainment=porosity + N poob
SMAW (Stick)	Cov ntu tuab, sab nraum zoov, kho	Flux txheej (tus kheej- ntaub thaiv npog)	Tsawg (zoo tshaj rau cua)	Nruab nrab (slag suav nrog; siv qis -H electrodes)
GMAW (MIG)	Cov qauv, siab - ntim	Ar + 1-3% O2 lossis 2-8% CO2	High (xav tau cua daj cua dub)	Nruab nrab (CO2 ua rau C khaws; siv Ar- nplua nuj mix)
FCAW	Tsis tshua muaj rau stainless	Tus kheej los yog ob daim ntaub thaiv npog	Tsawg	Siab (silica slag, N khaws; zam rau L- qib)
Orbital TIG	Pipeline, tu cev	100% Ar + kev tshem tawm sab hauv	Enclosure nyiam	Tsawg heev (automated, zoo ib yam)

Rau cov yeeb nkab stainless thiab raj, ib qho kev tshem tawm sab hauv argon ntawm lub hauv paus sab yog yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm sab hauv weld nto (uas yuav txwv tsis pub dhau los ua qhov chaw corrosion thiab tsis huv / zaub mov lossis siab - kev pabcuam purity). Yog tsis muaj kev tshem tawm, lub hauv paus hla oxidizes rau ib tug dub, chromium -depleted txheej.

Purge gas: 99.999% argon (Qib 5); Tsis txhob siv nitrogen los yog compressed cua li ntxuav

Tshem tawm kom txog thaum cov pa oxygen qis dua 50 ppm (siv oxygen saib) ua ntej tawm tsam arc

Khaws qhov zoo tshem tawm ntawm cov hauv paus thiab kub- dhau; taper tawm tom qab lub hau hla txias hauv qab 350 degree

Rau cov kab loj loj: siv cov pas dej da dej lossis cov ntawv soluble purge kom txo cov ntim argon

Case 1: Wine Tank Welds Corroded Hauv 6 Lub Hlis - Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm

Cov zaub mov-qib 304L stainless wine cia tank yog teb-welded nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntug hiav txwv. Tus neeg cog lus tau ua VT thiab PT (ob leeg dhau los) tab sis hla kev xaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Rau lub hlis tom qab, tus tswv tau tshaj tawm cov kab nrib pleb raws txhua qhov vuam seam. Kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias muaj cua sov-tint oxidation tau depleted chromium nyob rau hauv HAZ, thiab hlau paug los ntawm ib tug sib koom carbon steel txhuam tau noob xeb. Kev kho: tag nrho cov neeg kho tshuab polish + citric acid passivation rau ASTM A967, ua raws li kev kuaj tooj liab sulfate (tag nrho dhau). Cov kauj ruam passivation, yog nws tau ua tiav thawj zaug, yuav raug nqi qis dua $ 2,000; kev kho mob raug nqi $40,000 thiab yuav tsum tau lub tank downtime thaum lub caij sau qoob.

Case 2: Duplex Pipeline Cracked hauv huab cua txias - Hla Preheat

A 2205 duplex stainless pipeline tau welded nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm -10℃ambient yam tsis muaj preheat. Cov txheej txheem teev preheat rau 100 degree, tab sis cov neeg coob txiav txim nws "tsis tsim nyog rau stainless." Peb ntawm 14 welds qhia ncua kev tawg ntawm cov hauv paus hauv 48 teev. Metallography qhia ntau dhau ferrite nrog sigma-theem tsim thiab micro- tawg hauv HAZ - tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua kom txias nrawm los ntawm qhov txaus ntshai 300-950℃ntau yam tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas thermal. Kev kho: rov ua dua txhua cov pob qij txha nrog 120℃preheat, interpass tuav ntawm 150 degree, thiab ntsuas ferrite (8-12 FN) txheeb xyuas ntawm txhua qhov vuam. Tag nrho rework: 11 hnub thiab $85,000. Thawj preheat yuav tau ntxiv 4 teev rau ib qho kev sib koom ua ke.

Case 3: Offshore Platform 316L Pipe Failed Hydrotest - Cua Porosity

Kev hloov kho ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv welded 316L yeeb nkab siv GTAW hauv 20 km / h (12 mph) cua nrog tsuas yog ib feem cua daj cua dub. Lub weld dhau VT tab sis ua tsis tau qhov kev sim hydrostatic nrog lub pinhole to. RT tau pom cov porosity pawg (nitrogen) hauv cov hauv paus hla -- huab cua nkag tau paug cov ntaub thaiv npog argon. Kev kho yuav tsum tau txiav tawm 300 hli ntawm cov yeeb nkab, rov vuam hauv qhov chaw vuam tag nrho (lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub nrog lub siab zoo), thiab rov kuaj dua. Qhov chaw nyob, yog nws tau siv thawj zaug, yuav raug nqi $ 3,000 / hnub rau 2 hnub; qhov tsis ua haujlwm thiab rov ua haujlwm raug nqi $ 60,000 ntxiv rau 5 hnub ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv rig lub sijhawm.

Q: Koj puas tuaj yeem vuam stainless hlau hauv nag?

Tsis yog. Vuam stainless hlau nyob rau hauv nag, daus, los yog active condensation yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm ASME Section IX, AWS D1.6, thiab tag nrho cov loj thoob ntiaj teb codes. Moisture qhia hydrogen rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke, ua rau porosity thiab, hauv qib martensitic, ncua kev tawg. Yog tias nag pib, nres tam sim ntawd, qhuav qhov sib koom ua ke, thiab rov-tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig (tsev pheeb suab lossis chaw nyob) ua ntej rov pib dua. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog ua tiav hauv qab dej ntub vuam, uas siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv kiag li thiab tsis muaj feem xyuam rau corrosion- qhov kev pab cuam tsis zoo.

Q: Koj puas xav tau preheat 316L stainless hlau ua ntej vuam?

Feem ntau tsis yog, rau qhov laj thawj metallurgical -- 316L tsis yog-hardenable thiab qis- carbon, yog li tsis xav tau preheat rau lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv thaj chaw hauv qab qis dua 0℃lossis siab dua 90% av noo, qis preheat (15{12}}100 degree) yog siv los tsav cov dej noo thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej. Khaws preheat hauv qab 150℃kom tsis txhob rhiab heev. Rau cov ntu tuab (txog 25 hli) nyob rau hauv huab cua txias, preheat rau 50-100℃kuj yuav txo tau distortion thiab thermal-gradient cracking. Ib txwm ua raws li qhov project WPS - yog tias nws qhia txog kev ua ntej, siv nws.

Q: Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj hla passivation tom qab vuam stainless hlau?

Yog tsis muaj passivation, lub vuam thiab HAZ khaws cov chromium -depleted, oxidized nto txheej (tshav kub tint) uas tsis tshua muaj corrosion-resistant dua li lub hauv paus hlau. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav (chlorides, acids, zaub mov / chaw muag tshuaj), qhov no ua rau muaj kev xeb hauv zos -- xeb streaks, pitting, los yog weld decay - feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub hlis mus rau ob peb xyoos. Kev kho (pickling + passivation + pov thawj) yog pheej yig yog tias ua tau zoo tab sis kim yog tias ncua mus txog qhov tsis ua tiav. Rau ib qho kev tiv thaiv corrosion-tseem ceeb lossis kev tu cev, passivation yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm lub cav vuam.

Q: Koj yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv stainless hlau welds los ntawm cua ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho?

Siv lub tshuab ua cua sov lub cev: lub vuam qhov chaw (lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub nrog lub siab zoo), lub tshuab cua tshuab cua, lossis yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntaub thaiv hauv zos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vuam. Rau GTAW, txawm tias 8 km / h cua cuam tshuam cov ntaub thaiv npog argon; siab tshaj 16 km / h, tag nrho cov enclosure yuav tsum tau. Ua kom tiv thaiv cov roj ntws los ntawm 20% nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej marginal, tab sis ntws nce ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj ncaj qha rau cua - ib qho kev thaiv lub cev yog ib txwm xav tau. Saib xyuas cua nrog ib qho yooj yim anemometer thiab nres yog tias nws tshaj cov cai txwv.

Q: Koj puas tuaj yeem siv tib lub vuam cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej rau stainless thiab carbon hlau?

Tsis yog -- tsis yog tsis muaj kev sib cais nruj. Cov pa roj carbon steel particles embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug stainless nto cov noob xeb thiab ua kom corrosion kuj. Siv cov khoom siv stainless-tsuas yog grinders, hlau txhuam, clamps, thiab chipping hammers. Yog tias lub cuab yeej tau kov cov pa roj carbon steel, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav (lossis zoo dua, hloov) ua ntej kev sib cuag nrog stainless. Ntau cov fabricators siv cov khoom siv xim xim (xiav rau stainless, liab rau carbon) los tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm qhov chaw. Filler hlau kuj yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab khaws cia qhuav.

JN Alloy khoom siv stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloy yeeb nkab, raj, phaj, fittings, thiab flanges nrog tag nrho cov ntawv xeem mills thiab EN 10204 3.1 ntawv pov thawj - npaj rau kev vuam nyob txhua qhov chaw. Tiv tauj peb rau qib 304L, 316L, 321, 347, duplex 2205/2507, thiab Inconel 625: Info@jnalloy.com|+86 19339900211|www.jnalloy.com