ASTM A312 vs A358: Nkag siab Seamless thiab Welded Pipe Standards

Thaum qhia txog stainless hlau lossis npib tsib xee alloy yeeb nkab rau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, roj & roj platform, lossis lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob, xaiv ntawm ASTM A312 thiab ASTM A358 yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov khoom siv - engineering txiav txim siab ib tus engineer ntsib. Ob leeg yog ASTM cov qauv rau austenitic stainless hlau yeeb nkab. Ob leeg npog cov qib alloy zoo sib xws thiab qhov ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov tshwm sim: lawv tswj hwm cov yeeb nkab li cas, nws raug kuaj li cas, kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab thaum kawg nws raug nqi npaum li cas.

Tau txais qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm txhais tau tias dhau - qhia thiab them nyiaj ntau dhau, lossis hauv qab - qhia thiab lees txais cov yeeb nkab uas tsis ua haujlwm.

Tag nrho cov lus qhia hauv tsab xov xwm no raug xa mus rau ASTM International tus qauv cov ntaub ntawv. Ib txwm xa mus rau qhov tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv siv tau rau koj qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.

ASTM A312 yog dab tsi thiab nws npog dab tsi?

[Source] ASTM A312/A312M-24a, Tshooj 1.1: "Qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb no npog seamless, ncaj- seam welded, thiab hnyav hnyav ua haujlwm welded austenitic stainless hlau yeeb nkab npaj rau kev kub kub thiab kev pabcuam corrosive.

Tus qauv raug xaiv "A312/A312M," qhov "M" qhia txog metric (SI) version. Tshwj tsis yog qhov kev txiav txim qhia qhov "M" xaiv, nti - phaus units yog lub neej ntawd. Tus qauv siv rau cov yeeb nkab hauv NPS 1/8 txog NPS 30 thiab npog ntau yam ntawm austenitic stainless qib, los ntawm workhorse 304L thiab 316L mus rau cov qib tshwj xeeb uas siv rau hauv siab -kub siv.

Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom dab tsi puas ASTM A312 Txais?

Dab tsi yog Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb ntawm ASTM A312?

Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: Raws li ASTM A240 los yog siv cov khoom specification. Cov pa roj carbon tswj hwm rau H- qib sib txawv (TP304H, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, TP309H, TP310H) kom ntseeg tau tias siab - qhov kub thiab txias.

Kev kho cua sov: Tag nrho cov yeeb nkab - seamless, welded, thiab hnyav hnyav ua hauj lwm - yuav tsum tau tov annealed ntawm ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 1040℃(1900℃F) ua raws li los ntawm ceev ceev txias (dej quench los yog sib npaug). Tsis muaj yeeb nkab yuav raug xa mus rau hauv qhov tsis muaj -annealed mob.

Hydrostatic test: Every length must be tested. Test pressure = 2S×t/D or 1,000 psi, whichever is lesser, for OD ≥48.26 mm. For OD >48.26 hli, ntsuas siab ib qho kev pom zoo. Yuav tsis muaj qhov xau.

Mechanical tests: Transverse tension test thiab transverse or longitudinal guided bend test for welded yeeb nkab; tension test rau seamless. Flattening xeem yuav tsum tau seamless Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau NPS 3.

Kev xaiv NDE: Kev kuaj hluav taws xob ib qho ASME SA-435 lossis SA-577 tuaj yeem raug teev raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv (S1 txog S6 hauv tus qauv).

ASTM A358 yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv ntawm A312 li cas?

[Source] ASTM A358/A358M-24, Tshooj 1.1: "Qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb no suav nrog hluav taws xob- fusion-welded austenitic chromium-nickel stainless hlau yeeb nkab haum rau corrosive lossis kub kev pabcuam, lossis ob qho tib si, lossis rau kev siv dav dav."

Lo lus tseem ceeb yog "hluav taws xob-fusion-welded." ASTM A358 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm tiaj tus- dov phaj los yog daim ntawv uas yog tsim rau hauv ib lub tog raj kheej thiab koom nrog nws longitudinal axis siv ib tug hluav taws xob fusion vuam txheej txheem - feem ntau tsis siv neeg submerged arc vuam (SAW) los yog roj tungsten arc vuam (GTAW) - feem ntau ntxiv rau cov hlau. Lub vuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab lub siab ciam teb thiab yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim raws li lub hauv paus hlau.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ASTM A312 thiab A358?

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: A312 suav nrog seamless yeeb nkab thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab tub lim hlau hauv nws cov khoom welded; A358 npog nkaus xwb welded yeeb nkab thiab yuav tsum tau muab tub lim hlau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov vuam hla dhau. Qhov no ua rau A358 inherently ib "nrog- muab tub lim" khoom nrog ib tug tag nrho radiographed weld cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv 1 thiab 3, thaum A312 welded yeeb nkab yuav siv autogenous vuam (tsis muaj muab tub lim) thiab raug kuaj feem ntau los ntawm hydrostatic siab es tsis yog radiographic kuaj.

Dab tsi yog Tsib Chav Kawm ntawm ASTM A358, thiab Koj Yuav Tsum Xaiv Yam Dab Tsi?

[Source] ASTM A358/A358M-19 thiab -24, Table 1 - Kev faib tawm ntawm cov yeeb nkab los ntawm vuam chav kawm thiab kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua.

Thaum twg Koj Yuav Tsum Qhia Txhua Chav?

Puas yog ASTM A312 lossis A358 Yuav Tsum Tau Tshaj Tawm -Kev kho cua sov?

Kev daws annealing tom qab vuam yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas ua rau A312 welded yeeb nkab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev pabcuam corrosive. Yog tsis muaj nws, lub weld HAZ tuaj yeem ua rau sensitized - chromium carbides precipitate ntawm grain ciam teb - tawm hauv ib tug nqaim band nyob ib sab ntawm lub weld uas yog depleted nyob rau hauv chromium thiab yooj yim mus ceev corrosion nres. Qhov no yog vim li cas A312 welded yeeb nkab yuav tsum ib txwm muab nkag rau hauv cov tshuaj -annealed mob.

Kev kho cua sov dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua raws li ASTM A358?

Rau ASTM A358, kev kho cua sov yuav tsum nyob ntawm chav kawm. Chav kawm 1 yeeb nkab (feem ntau - chav kawm kuaj) yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj annealed. Rau Chav Kawm 2, 3, 4, thiab 5, kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau txhais los ntawm daim ntawv xaj yuav khoom - txhais tau tias nws yuav lossis tsis tas yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm seb tus neeg yuav khoom qhia txog dab tsi. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog vim li cas A358 Chav 2 yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev siv qis - qhov kub thiab txias qhov twg tus nqi ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj annealing tsis raug cai.

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau reputable manufacturers daws anneal tag nrho cov A358 yeeb nkab tsis hais nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv, vim hais tias lwm txoj - tawm lub weld HAZ un-annealed - tsim ib tug corrosion txaus ntshai uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau qhov kawg - neeg siv los xyuas qhov muag pom. Rau ib qho kev pabcuam uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorides, acids, lossis qhov kub siab tshaj ~ 150 degree, ib txwm hais daws cov tshuaj annealing hauv daim ntawv xaj khoom rau A358.

Dab tsi tsis yog -Kev kuaj xyuas puas tsuaj yog xav tau los ntawm Txhua tus qauv?

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm NDE qhov sib txawv: A312 yuav tsum tau kuaj hydrostatic ntawm txhua qhov ntev tab sis kho cov kev kuaj hluav taws xob raws li qhov kev xaiv ntxiv. A358 Class 1 mandates 100% radiographic exam of the tag nrho weld as a standard requirement - not optional - ua weld zone of A358 Class 1 pipes asstantly good characterized than a standard A312 welded pipe. Rau Chav Kawm 2 thiab 4, tsis tas yuav kuaj hluav taws xob.

[Source] ASTM A312/A312M-24a, Tshooj 9 (Hydrostatic Test), Tshooj 10 (Kev Ntsuas Tshuab); ASTM A358/A358M-24, Table 1 (Radiographic Requirements los ntawm Chav Kawm); Nqe 9 (Tests).

Thaum twg 100% Radiography tsim nyog tus nqi ntxiv?

Kev kuaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (RT) pom qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov vuam - porosity, slag inclusions, tsis muaj fusion, thiab tawg - uas tsis pom ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv A358 Chav Kawm 1 thiab 3 vim hais tias cov hluav taws xob fusion vuam (feem ntau SAW) muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, tsim cov xwm txheej uas qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem tsim.

Tus nqi them nqi rau Class 1 vs. Class 2 A358 yeeb nkab feem ntau yog 10-25%, nyob ntawm OD thiab phab ntsa thickness. Rau feem ntau tsis yog - dej, huab cua, thiab qis - kev pabcuam tshuaj lom neeg, qhov nqi no tsis raug cai. Rau cov ntawv thov hauv qab no, kev qhia meej rau Chav Kawm 1 tau pom zoo:

• Cov roj qaub thiab H2S- muaj cov kev pabcuam (NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 daim ntawv thov)
• Boiler thiab siab -siab chav piping saum ASME B31.3 Qeb D
• Offshore platform risers thiab txheej txheem piping hauv seawater ib puag ncig
• Nuclear and subatomic research chaw (ASME BPVC NQA-1 quality)
• Cov kav dej hauv cov xov tooj cua lossis muaj zog oxidizing acid kev pabcuam qhov chaw vuam tsis ua haujlwm yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj

Cov qib twg muaj nyob hauv txhua tus qauv?

Ob leeg ASTM A312 thiab A358 npog tib cov qib austenitic stainless hlau - suav nrog 304L, 316L, 321, 347, 904L, thiab H- qib variants (TP304H, TP316H, TP321H, TP321H, TP4. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog A358 tseem npog ntau cov chromium-nickel alloy qib tsis ib txwm pom nyob rau hauv A312, suav nrog cov nickel alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg rau ib puag ncig corrosive hnyav. Nco ntsoov xyuas cov khoom siv ASTM (ASTM A240 rau phaj / ntawv) thiab daim ntawv xaj kom paub meej tias qib pes tsawg yog them los ntawm cov qauv yeeb nkab.

[Source] ASTM A358/A358M-24, Table 1 (Kev xav tau tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg rau txhua qib); ASTM A312/A312M-24a, Table 1. Cov qhab-nees raug xa mus rau ASTM A240/A240M.

Qhov luaj li cas ntawm txhua qhov npog npog?

A358 pib qhov twg A312 xaus: A358 npog NPS 8 txog NPS 48 (txoj kab uas hla loj), thaum A312 npog NPS 1/8 txog NPS 30 (me me mus rau nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla). Rau cov yeeb nkab loj dua NPS 30, A358 yog qhov kev xaiv ASTM nkaus xwb ntawm ob tus qauv no. Rau cov yeeb nkab hauv qab NPS 8, A312 yog qhov tsim nyog. Rau NPS 8–30, ob qho tib si sib tshooj thiab kev xaiv nyob ntawm qib siab, qib NDE, thiab pob nyiaj siv.

Rau NPS 8–30, A312 feem ntau yog xaiv rau cov khoom me me lossis thaum xav tau seamless. A358 dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov haujlwm loj uas qhov kev lag luam ntawm welded manufacturing thiab 100% radiographic kuaj ntawm Class 1 muab tus nqi zoo tshaj. Loj txoj kab uas hla desalination cog piping, refinery txheej txheem kab, thiab offshore platform risers yog ib tug A358 daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub NPS 8-30 ntau.

Thaum twg Koj Yuav Tsum Qhia ASTM A312 vs. ASTM A358 hauv Txoj Haujlwm Tiag?

Qhov kev txiav txim siab A312 vs. A358 ua raws li qhov yooj yim logic: yog tias koj xav tau seamless yeeb nkab, xaiv A312. Yog tias koj xav tau cov yeeb nkab loj - txoj kab uas hla (NPS> 30), xaiv A358. Yog tias koj xav tau welded yeeb nkab hauv NPS 8-30 thiab xav tau qhov siab tshaj plaws weld cheeb tsam kev ncaj ncees nrog 100% radiography, xaiv A358 Class 1. Yog tias koj xav tau welded yeeb nkab hauv NPS 8-30 rau qhov tsis yog - kev pabcuam tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj, xaiv A358 Chav Kawm 2. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ib txwm hais txog cov kev pabcuam hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws hauv kev sib koom ua ke. chlorides.

ASTM A778 Sib piv li cas rau Ob Tus Qauv?

ASTM A778 npog welded tab sis unannealed austenitic stainless hlau tubular cov khoom siv rau cov kev pab cuam uas tsis tshua muaj thiab nruab nrab qhov kub thiab txias tsis tas yuav tsum tau rau corrosion kuj - ua rau nws qis dua - nqi hloov rau ob qho tib si A312 thiab A358 rau tsis yog - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Nws tsis tsim nyog rau corrosive, siab -kub, los yog qaub- roj kev pab cuam qhov twg cov tshuaj annealing yog xav tau los kho cov zaj duab xis passive nyob rau hauv weld cheeb tsam. Ib txwm paub meej tias qhov kev pabcuam kub thiab corrosive ib puag ncig ua ntej qhia A778.

[Source] ASTM A778 / A778M-22: "Npog ncaj seam thiab kauv taub qab seam welded unannealed austenitic stainless hlau tubular khoom npaj rau qis thiab nruab nrab kub thiab corrosive kev pab cuam qhov twg kho tsis tsim nyog rau corrosion kuj."

Koj Yuav Ua Li Cas Txheeb Xyuas Kev Ua Raws Cai thiab Nyeem Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Mill Test?

[Source] EN 10204: 2004 (Cov khoom siv hlau - Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas); ASTM A312 / A312M-24a Tshooj 9 thiab Tshooj 10; ASTM A358 / A358M-24 Table 1 thiab Tshooj 9.

Cov lus nug nquag