304 thiab 310S yog ob qho tib si austenitic stainless hlau, tab sis qhia ib qho chaw twg lwm tus yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntau qhov kev xaiv yuam kev hauv siab -cov khoom siv kub tsim. 304 yog qhov dav dav - lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb stainless hlau;310Syog qhov tshwj xeeb siab - qib kub tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov cua sov uas yuav ua rau 304 los ntsuas, cuam tshuam, lossis ua tsis tiav ntxov. Phau ntawv qhia no muab piv rau ob qib ncaj qha - muaj pes tsawg leeg, oxidation tsis kam, kev pab cuam qhov kub thiab txias, kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab tus nqi - kom meej meej thaum txhua qib yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm 310S thiab 304 Stainless Hlau?
310S muaj ntau ntau chromium (24–26%) thiab npib tsib xee (19–22%) dua li 304 (18–20% chromium, 8–10.5% npib tsib xee), thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv - tsis yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau zoo - yog tag nrho vim li cas 310S siab dua 3.
Ob qib yog austenitic stainless hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau -chromium-nickel puag, tab sis 310S kwv yees ob npaug ntawm cov chromium thiab npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus pom nyob rau hauv 304. Chromium yog lub luag haujlwm rau stainless hlau tiv thaiv oxide txheej, thiab npib tsib xee stabilizes lub austenitic txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov. kub siab.
Lub npe "S" hauv 310S txhais tau hais tias muaj kev tswj hwm qis-carbon version ntawm thawj qib 310, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm chromium carbide nag lossis daus ntawm cov ciam teb thaum lub sij hawm vuam los yog ntev ntev - qhov kub thiab txias raug - kev ua kom zoo dua qub uas ua rau 310{stains ntau dua peb cov phooj ywg. siab - qhov kev pabcuam kub tshaj li tus qauv 310.
Ib sab -los ntawm- sab kev sib piv:
|
Element (wt%) |
TIAB SA 304 |
TP 310 S |
Vim Li Cas Nws Tseem Ceeb |
|
Chromium (Cr) |
18.0–20.0 |
24.0–26.0 |
Tsim cov kev tiv thaiv chromium oxide nplai; siab dua Cr txuas ntxiv oxidation -resistant kub qab nthab |
|
Nickel (Ni) |
8.0–10.5 |
19.0–22.0 |
Stabilizes tus qauv austenitic thiab txhim kho nplai adhesion thiab siab - kub stability |
|
Carbon (C), max |
0.08 |
0.08 (qis-carbon "S" qib) |
Cov pa roj carbon qis txo qis carbide nag lossis daus txaus ntshai thaum lub sijhawm vuam thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias |
|
Manganese (Mn), max |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Zoo sib xws hauv ob qib; me me deoxidizer / ntxiv dag zog |
|
Silicon (Si), max |
1.0 |
1.5 |
Me ntsis siab dua Si hauv 310S ntxiv pab siab -kub oxidation kuj |
Table 1. Tus neeg sawv cev nominal muaj pes tsawg leeg rau TP304 thiab TP310S ib hom stainless hlau specifications. Cov txiaj ntsig yog kev piav qhia thiab sib npaug; paub meej tias qhov txwv tsis pub dhau tam sim no ntawm ASTM A240 / A480 lossis cov lus qhia siv tau ua ntej siv hauv kev yuav khoom lossis tsim cov ntaub ntawv.
Vim li cas 310S puas muaj cov oxidation zoo dua piv rau 304?
310S tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 304 vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus chromium siab dua ua kom tuab dua, ruaj khov chromium oxide nplai, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus nickel ntau dua txhim kho qhov ntsuas qhov adhesion mus rau lub hauv paus hlau, tiv thaiv qhov spalling thiab nrawm scaling uas nws thiaj li degrades 304 ntawm kev kub siab.
Oxidation kuj nyob rau hauv stainless hlau yog nyob ntawm cov hlau lub peev xwm los tsim thiab tuav ib tug nruam, adherent chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) txheej uas ua raws li ib tug barrier ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab ib puag ncig cua. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, txheej tiv thaiv no yuav tsum tiv thaiv ob qho kev sib tw tsis ua haujlwm: kev loj hlob sai heev (siv cov hlau hauv qab) thiab poob adhesion (spalling tawm thiab nthuav tawm cov hlau tshiab kom nres ntxiv).
304's 18-20% chromium cov ntsiab lus yog txaus los tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv kom ruaj khov mus txog qhov ntsuas kub nruab nrab, tab sis saum toj no cov txheej txheem oxide loj hlob sai dua li nws tuaj yeem khaws cia tau, thiab cyclic thermal exposure tuaj yeem ua rau nws tawg tau . 310S's ntau dua chromium cov ntsiab lus sustains a 4 . 310 ruaj khov, qeeb qeeb scale thoob plaws ntau qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog lub cev ncaj qha mechanism tom qab nws cov kev pabcuam kub siab dua qab nthab.
Dab tsi yog Qhov Kev Pab Cuam Tshaj Lij Tshaj Tawm rau 310S vs 304?
304 feem ntau yog ntsuas rau kev pabcuam txuas mus txog li 870℃(1600℃F) hauv oxidizing atmospheres, thaum 310S txuas lub qab nthab mus txog kwv yees li 1100–1150℃(2000–2100℃F) - qhov txawv ntawm kwv yees li 250–280 defences (450 practical degree) ntawm 450-5 general-lub hom phiaj thiab siab -kub- tshwj xeeb daim ntawv thov.
Kev sib piv cov cuab yeej ncaj qha thoob plaws qhov tseem ceeb siab - cov qauv kev ua haujlwm kub:
|
Khoom |
TIAB SA 304 |
TP 310 S |
|
Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev pabcuam kub kub (oxidizing cua) |
≈ 870℃(1600℃F) |
≈ 1100-1150℃(2000-2100℃F) |
|
Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev pabcuam kub kub |
≈ 815℃(1500℃F) |
≈ 1035℃(1900℃F) |
|
Chromium oxide nplai stability |
Tsim nyog rau ≈ 870 degree; accelerated scaling saum toj no ntau yam |
Kev ruaj khov rau qhov kub siab dua vim muaj cov ntsiab lus Cr thiab Ni ntau dua |
|
Carburizing huab cua haum |
Txwv - ntau dua rau cov carbide tsim thiab embrittlement |
Zoo dua - ntau dua nickel cov ntsiab lus txo cov pa roj carbon solubility thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv |
|
Cov txheeb ze siab - qhov kub thiab txias (txias / kev ntxhov siab tawg) |
Tsim nyog rau nruab nrab -kub yam ntxwv lub luag haujlwm |
Feem ntau siab dua vim yog cov khoom siv - kev daws teeb meem los ntawm Cr thiab Ni cov ntsiab lus |
Table 2. Tus neeg sawv cev siab -kev sib piv kev pabcuam kub, TP304 vs TP310S. Qhov tseem ceeb yog feem ntau hais txog cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev taw qhia dav dav; Qhov tseeb tso cai kub nyob ntawm huab cua, theem kev ntxhov siab, kev caij tsheb kauj vab, thiab cov qauv tsim qauv, thiab yuav tsum tau lees paub tiv thaiv ASME / ASTM cov ntaub ntawv siv rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias cov nuj nqis no sawv cev rau oxidation - tsis kam txwv, tsis tas qhov kub ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau hloov - ib feem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qab nws lub qab nthab oxidation rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, thaum ua haujlwm saum toj no nws nrawm nrawm thiab cov hlau poob hauv txoj hauv kev uas ua rau lub neej luv dua li qhov nruab nrab qhov kub thiab txias nce ntxiv yuav qhia txog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis muaj oxide. kub.
Yuav ua li cas 310S thiab 304 Sib piv hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm qhov kub siab?
310S feem ntau tuav lub zog siab dua ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 304 vim nws cov khoom muaj zog ntau dua - cov ntsiab lus alloying, txawm hais tias ob qib ua raws li cov qauv dav dav ntawm kev poob qis thiab kev hloov pauv thaum kub nce, lub ntsiab lus xaiv qib hloov qhov loj ntawm qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias tuav tab sis tsis yog qhov sib piv.
Ob chav kawm tau zoo ib yam li kev nce siab - qhov kub thiab txias tshwm sim rau austenitic stainless steels - poob tawm los thiab tensile lub zog, txo qis modulus ntawm elasticity, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nce - vim tias cov teebmeem no tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem thermally activated crystal, ntau dua. qib-tshwj xeeb chemistry.
Qhov txawv yog qhov loj npaum li cas: 310S siab dua chromium thiab nickel cov ntsiab lus muab cov khoom muaj zog ntau dua - kev daws teeb meem, uas feem ntau txhais ua kom muaj zog zoo dua qub thiab nkag mus rau ntawm qhov ntsuas kub siab piv nrog 304. Qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig thib ob tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev qhia 310S hauv siab - oxidation kuj tseem siv tau yooj yim, qhov kub thiab txias nyhav nqa mechanical load zoo dua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias uas nws feem ntau siv.
Qib twg muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau Carburization thiab Sulfidation?
310S feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau carburizing cua tshaj 304 vim nws cov ntsiab lus nickel siab dua, uas txo cov hlau tsis haum rau carbon absorption thiab embrittlement, txawm tias tsis yog qib twg yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov hnyav sulfidizing ib puag ncig, qhov tshwj xeeb alloys feem ntau tau lees paub.
Carburization tshwm sim thaum cov hlau nqus cov pa roj carbon monoxide -cov huab cua nplua nuj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsim cov carbides sab hauv uas txo cov ductility thiab tuaj yeem txhawb kev tawg; npib tsib xee txo cov solubility thiab diffusion ntawm carbon nyob rau hauv lub austenitic matrix, uas yog ib feem ntawm yog vim li cas siab dua - npib tsib xee qib zoo li 310S feem ntau outperform 304 nyob rau hauv carburizing kev pab cuam xws li tshav kub- kho cua sov fixtures thiab pob tawb.
Sulfidation - tawm tsam los ntawm leej faj-cov kabmob huab cua, feem ntau nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig - nthuav tawm cov kev sib tw sib txawv: npib tsib xee tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee cov sulfur compounds ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li siab heev -nickel alloys tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sulfidizing engineered, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog corrosion 4. feem ntau tau lees paub qhov twg carburization thiab sulfidation yog cov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb ib txhij. Qhov kev sib txawv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ceeb toom tias "siab dua- alloy yog ib txwm zoo dua" tsis tuav universally - qib kev xaiv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov huab cua tam sim no hauv qhov chaw pabcuam tiag tiag.
Yuav Ua Li Cas 310S thiab 304 Sib Piv Hauv Tus Nqi thiab Muaj?
310S feem ntau raug nqi ntau dua 304 ib kilogram, tsav ncaj qha los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus ntau dua nickel thiab chromium, thiab nws feem ntau tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas 304 muaj nyob rau hauv, yog li tus nqi thiab cov sij hawm txhuas yog cov kev xav tau tiag tiag nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Nickel yog cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb nrog cov khoom lag luam siab dua rau ib -kg tus nqi ntau dua li hlau, thiab 310S muaj kwv yees li ob npaug ntawm cov nickel cov ntsiab lus ntawm 304, uas yog tus thawj tsav tsheb ntawm nws tus nqi siab dua. Vim hais tias 304 yog nyob deb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws - ntim austenitic stainless qib uas tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb, nws kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav, cov sij hawm luv luv, thiab ntau yam khoom siv tau yooj yim (daim ntawv, phaj, raj, bar, fittings) piv nrog 310S, uas yog ib qib tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau qib 7 feem ntau ua rau cov khoom siv qis dua. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv: qhia 310S hauv ib daim ntawv thov uas tsis xav tau nws qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias muaj peev xwm ntxiv tus nqi thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau - lub sijhawm pheej hmoo yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo.
Qib twg koj yuav tsum xaiv rau qhov tshwj xeeb siab -Tsuas siv?
304 tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm qis dua li ntawm 800-850 degree, thaum 310S yuav tsum tau teev rau cov khoom siv rauv, cua sov- kho fixtures, kiln hauv ob sab phlu, thiab lwm yam khoom siv ua haujlwm saum toj no los yog ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov siab -temperature.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Rau Kev Thov:
- Rauv muffles, retorts, thiab radiant tubes:310S feem ntau tau teev tseg vim muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj 304 qhov kev txwv oxidation.
- Thaum tshav kub kub- cov pob tawb kho mob, cov khoom siv kho mob, thiab cov khoom siv conveyor:310S feem ntau nyiam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv carburizing furnace cua qhov chaw uas nws cov ntsiab lus nickel muab kev pabcuam muaj txiaj ntsig - lub neej kom zoo.
- Kiln linings thiab siab - cov khoom siv txheej txheem kub:310S yog qhov kev xaiv tus qauv uas qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub nce mus txog lossis tshaj 1000 degree.
- Cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm cov kav dej, tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab cov khoom siv hauv qab no ≈ 800 degree:304 (los yog 316L qhov twg cov tshuaj chloride kuj tseem xav tau) tseem yog qhov kev xaiv nyiaj txiag thiab tsim nyog.
- Cov pa hluav taws xob thiab nruab nrab- cov khoom siv ntsuas kub:304 feem ntau txaus; 310S yuav tsum tau tshwj tseg rau kev lees paub kev raug cuam tshuam los ntawm 304 lub qab nthab es tsis tau teev tseg raws li kev ceev faj ib leeg.
304 puas tuaj yeem siv tau qis dua -Tus nqi hloov pauv rau 310S hauv Ib Daim Ntawv Thov?
304 tuaj yeem yog qhov tsim nyog qis dua - tus nqi hloov pauv rau 310S tsuas yog thaum qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob qis dua 304's oxidation txwv thiab huab cua tsis muaj zog carburizing, tab sis siv 304 raws li tus nqi -txuag hloov pauv hauv siab tiag tiag - kub lossis kev pabcuam tsis ua haujlwm, tsis muaj carburizing thiab kev pheej hmoo ua ntej. uas feem ntau raug nqi ntau dua li cov khoom txuag.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab hloov 304 rau 310S yuav tsum yog raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub ncov tiag tiag thiab kev khiav hauj lwm kub siab - nrog rau kev mus ncig ua si, tsis yog cov qauv tsim qauv nkaus xwb - es tsis yog qhov kev xav tias "stainless steel" tsim los hloov tau thoob plaws qib. Hauv cov xwm txheej marginal qhov chaw ua haujlwm kub nyob ze rau 304 lub qab nthab, yam xws li kev caij tsheb kauj vab zaus, huab cua muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev poob qis yuav tsum hnyav rau qhov kev txiav txim siab, txij li tus nqi sib txawv ntawm ob qib feem ntau me me piv rau tus nqi ntawm qhov tsis tau npaj tseg lossis kev hloov ua ntej lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab {6}.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog 310S zoo ib yam li 310 stainless hlau?
Tsis yog, txawm hais tias lawv muaj feem xyuam nrog. 310S yog kev tswj hwm-carbon version ntawm 310, nrog cov ntsiab lus qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm chromium carbide nag lossis daus thaum lub sijhawm vuam thiab ntev ntev - qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau 310S qhov feem ntau teev ntau yam sib txawv rau welded siab {{5}.
304 thiab 310S puas tuaj yeem welded ua ke hauv tib lub rooj sib txoos?
Yog lawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 304 thiab 310S feem ntau ua tau nrog cov hlau uas tsim nyog xaiv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis kev sib dhos tag nrho qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias yuav tseem raug txwv los ntawm qib qis (304) ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thiab cov hlau uas nyob ib sab, yog li txoj hauv kev no feem ntau siv tsuas yog qhov chaw siab tshaj 304.
Puas yog 310S muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li 304 ntawm chav tsev kub, lossis tsuas yog kub?
310S siab dua chromium thiab npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus feem ntau muab me ntsis zoo dua corrosion kuj tshaj 304 txawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua thiab lub ntsiab yog vim li cas nws tau teev yog siab - kub oxidation kuj; rau chav -kub tshuaj chloride kuj tshwj xeeb, 316L feem ntau yog ib lub hom phiaj thiab tus nqi ntau dua - kev xaiv zoo tshaj 310S.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias 304 yog siv saum toj no nws ntsuas oxidation kub?
Tshaj li nws qhov kev txwv oxidation, 304 kev paub txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplai thiab cov peev txheej spalling, uas nthuav tawm cov hlau tshiab mus txuas ntxiv oxidation thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov seem poob, distortion, thiab nws thiaj li cov qauv lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm luv dua li tib lub ntsiab lus yuav muaj nyob ntawm lossis qis dua nws qhov ntsuas kub.
Puas yog 310S haum rau cryogenic lossis qis- kev pabcuam kub thiab kub?
Austenitic stainless hlau suav nrog 310S feem ntau khaws zoo qis- qhov kub thiab txias vim lawv lub ntsej muag -centered cubic crystal qauv, tab sis 310S yog ib qho tshwj xeeb, siab dua - qib nqi feem ntau xaiv rau nws qhov siab - kub ua haujlwm; 304 lossis 316L feem ntau tau teev tseg rau tus qauv qis-kub lossis cryogenic daim ntawv thov tshwj tsis yog tias qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb hu rau 310S.
